Biodiversity loss is the single biggest negative consequence from environment degradation. Access and benefit sharing (ABS) – stipulated by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and established under Nagoya protocol (NP) – is a policy approach that links access to genetic resources (GR) and traditional knowledge (TK) to the sharing of monetary and nonmonetary benefits. This article examines how the ABS has become the principal instrument embraced by the international fora to prevent further biodiversity loss by avoiding GRs extinction and/or degradation, often due to the misuse and misappropriation of TK associated to GR management. The objective of this research is to analyse the process in which traditional knowledge associated to the management of genetic resources (TK–GR) came onto the Intellectual Property (IP) agenda and to verify whether ABS can effectively regulate the access to the world’s GRs while contributing to the conservation of biological diversity and the sustainable use of its components in a way that is acceptable to all stakeholders. The research was carried out in two parts:The first, explores the literature that outlines the evolution of the IP policy debate in which the IP–TK–GR linkage was recognised as having significant implications to avoid biodiversity loss by preserving TK holders’ role in a rapid evolving biotechnology innovation environment. This was conducive to the second part which assesses the governance in relation to TK–GR protection together with the challenges and opportunities that international institutional and political frameworks face to support ABS adoption across countries. A practical example illustrates how indigenous peoples and local communities’ skills can be embedded in technology transfer best practices to effectively adopt ABS to produce new knowledge, innovation and prosperity from joint research and cooperation between traditional and modern scientists.

Renewable energies play an essential role in the Central American Countries, providing responses to face the economic crisis and improving the living conditions of the people, which are being undermined by the effects of the Covid–19. Although the states´ involvement in these processes is reflected through diverse endeavors to enhance renewable energies, their policies need to be readjusted to ensure their effectiveness regarding the current needs. For these reasons, is proposed a methodological framework to assist policymakers, the fundamentals of this tool are based on a Multicriteria Decision Analysis technique, called Analytical Network Process. The innovation of this methodology is that it reveals the best course of action, comparing the countries’ economic, political, social, and environmental elements. The present study evidences its applicability through the cases of Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua. This novel methodology even addresses their main contextual constraints to guarantee the most realistic diagnoses.

This article revisits the post–World War II evolution of Japan’s Official Development Assistance (ODA) over the past 75 years, with a particular focus on the period starting from the 1980s and subsequent changes in Japan’s international development cooperation policies. I address cornerstones such as human security and quality growth, while examining the role of Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), shifts and continuities in regional visions and sectoral priorities, such as infrastructure development. I argue that the threefold mix of key drivers behind Japan’s development cooperation has remained consistent, involving developmentalism stemming from Japan’s own experience of successful modernisation from a non–Western background, neo–mercantilism, as well as strategic and geopolitical considerations. The relative weight and interplay of these factors, however, fluctuated in different periods.

In the past seventy–five years, developing Asia has transformed more rapidly than any other region. What is behind this success? Will Asia go on to lead the world, or will its rise encounter obstacles? Asia is politically diverse, with democracies, hybrid governments and numerous authoritarian regimes. Several are unstable. Paths to prosperity have varied, including the East Asian model, China’s “socialist market economy”, Indian self–reliance, and economic transition in Central Asia. Regional cooperation is chronically weak, due to the youthfulness, dispersion and diversity of Asia’s sovereign states. China’s rise threatens to fracture the region further. As the region emerges from the Covid–19 crisis, East Asia is well positioned to lead an economic recovery. However, many challenges remain. Political and governance systems are weak. Territorial disputes could escalate into open conflict, including Taiwan. Human capital is poorly developed, and populations are aging. Finally, the region could be polarized between the United States and China.

Agenda 2030, with its objective 4 (Quality Education) transversal to all the others (17 in total), formally underline that through this objective we can develop a real Global Citizenship Education and Development Education and in practice a New Society. We are in the field of Fundamental Rights, so new constitutional spaces and channels are favouring and the scientific evidence shows that they will favour more in the medium and long term, an effective collaboration between actors in the design of GCE and DE.

At the aftermath of the 2008 financial and socio–economic crisis, there had been a boom of nationalist parties in Europe that included anti–immigration measures in their programs. In this study, we analyse the relationship between socioeconomic status and anti–immigrant sentiment at the regional level by using geographically weighted regression. In doing so we use data from the fist years of the financial crisis, when most of European countries were beginning to experience its consequences at an economic, social and political level. Our findings confirm the suitability of spatial analysis to explain regional differences in attitudes towards immigration. Although inter–country or macro–regional comparisons might be useful to explain anti–immigrant sentiments, the general validity of these large–scale geographic areas could be questioned when descending to a regional level. The information provided at the regional level might be useful to identify regions where policy makers should aim integration policies to reduce citizens’ negative attitudes towards immigrants.

Putting Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) into effect will become a major task for the 21st century, particularly for future teachers who are expected to participate in ESD but whose studies often do not prepare them for this task. This article responds to the question how collaboration in teacher education can help bridge that gap and how it can contribute to the transdisciplinary demands of ESD. It assumes an essential role in enabling collaborative spaces of dialogue and transfer of knowledge between educators and students of all academic disciplines, schools, universities, local stakeholders, and CSO. This specifically includes perspectives from the Global South.
 Presenting the certificate program “el mundo – ESD in university level teacher education” (LMU Munich) as an example for collaborative ESD practice, the article identifies and presents four central fields of transdisciplinary collaboration in teacher education: content– related, institutional, and biography–affecting collaboration, as well as collaboration in pedagogical–didactic contexts.

How do you bring together academics, practitioners, and policymakers to advocate and partner for Global Citizenship Education? This is what EADI and Bridge 47 do with partners from all over Europe for a common goal, to promote transformative change in society.

La cartografía social y la educación para el desarrollo y ciudadanía global (EpDCG) comparten entre sus fines la perspectiva democrática y participativa, el compromiso con la reflexión y el diálogo sobre la realidad social, la comprensión de las dinámicas de poder, la orientación hacia el cambio y transformación cara cotas más altas de justicia social. Es por ello que se eligió la sala cartográfica como instrumento para mapear experiencias de EpDCG en Galicia. La intención es visibilizar estas experiencias a la vez que se crean redes de colaboración. Las dos salas cartográficas puestas en marcha han permitido crear espacios de encuentro, deliberación y debate, que han tenido como resultado, tanto la propia construcción colaborativa de la sala, como la realización de un mapeo inicial de experiencias de EpDCG.

Publication typology: Advocacy tool.
 Responsibility: Bridge 47.
 Author(s): Bridge 4.7 (with contributions of the participants of the Envision 4.7 Event, Helsinki, 6–7 November 2019).
 Language: English.
 Publication date: November 2019.
 Pages: 4.
 Acess: https://www.bridge47.org/node/241