Many studies have reported a significant relationship between self-control and academic achievement, although the strength of this relationship varies across studies. Moderator factors that influence the relationship between the two variables have yet to be clearly defined. Therefore, this meta-analysis aims further to explore the relationship between self-control and academic achievement and investigate moderating factors that may affect the strength of the relationship. The study involved 70 samples drawn from 16 primary studies published between 2005 and 2018. Data analysis was conducted using a random effects model with a significance level of α = 5%. In addition to the main analysis, six moderator variables were analyzed, namely education level, geographical region, self-control measurement tool, academic achievement measurement tool, and publication year. All analyses were conducted with the help of JASP software. The analysis of the 70 samples showed a moderate positive relationship between self-control and academic achievement (r = 0.32, p 0.001). Analysis of the moderator variables showed that all of these variables had a significant effect on the strength of the relationship between self-control and academic performance. Based on education level, the positive relationship was stronger in studies involving mixed participants and weakest in studies involving university students. The relationship was also stronger in studies involving students in the United States compared to students in Africa and Europe, using the ISC scale to measure self-control compared to the BSCS and other scales and using grade point average (GPA) as a measure of academic achievement compared to other measures. Potential explanations and implications of these findings for research and practice are discussed.

This study aims to determine the increase in learning activeness of Sebelas Maret University students in the mechanical engineering education study program through the implementation of a flipped learning model in the combustion engine lecture. This research is classroom action research. The action taken is to apply the flipped learning model in the combustion engine lecture. The subjects of this study were 42 students in the second semester of the mechanical engineering education study program. This classroom action research design refers to the Kemmis and Taggart model. The research was conducted in three cycles, each consisting of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Data collection was done through observation, interviews, and documentation. The instrument validity test was carried out with construct validity using expert opinions. Data analysis was carried out in a comparative-descriptive way. The results of this classroom action research show that implementing the flipped learning model can increase the learning activeness of students in the combustion engine lecture. In the pre-cycle stage, student learning activeness only reached 45.24% of active learning students. In cycle 1, by implementing a flipped learning model, students learning activeness reached 81.99%, cycle 2 increased to 87.43%, and cycle 3 increased to 91.74%. The conclusion of this research is that the implementation of the flipped learning model can increase the learning activeness of the mechanical engineering education study program Sebelas Maret University students in the combustion engine lecture. Based on the results of this research, it is highly recommended to use the flipped learning model in lectures, especially in vocational education, increasing student learning activeness will have an impact on increasing student learning achievement.

The study explores the relationship between educational aspirations and labour market outcomes among African secondary vocational education students. It reveals that students with vocational education are more aware of labour market demands and desire to acquire skills that align with industry needs. However, disparities in access to quality vocational training and societal perceptions of vocational education significantly impact students' aspirations. A comprehensive systematic literature review was explored to examine the impact of educational aspirations on labour market outcomes in secondary vocational education in Africa, focusing on countries like Nigeria and Ghana. The review focuses on studies published between 2010 and 2024, reflecting current trends and challenges vocational education graduates face. The study identifies key labour market outcomes linked to vocational education, including employment rates, job stability, and income levels. Graduates of vocational programs secure employment more rapidly than general education students but face challenges in advancing their careers due to limited opportunities for further training and professional development. The research calls for policy interventions to enhance the quality and perception of vocational education in Africa, ensuring that they meet immediate labour market needs and empower young people to achieve their long-term career aspirations. This research can potentially inform vocational education policy in Africa by developing targeted strategies to enhance the effectiveness of vocational training programs. Adapting policies that align vocational education with labour market demands can create a more responsive educational system that addresses the needs of both students and employers.

The demand for increasingly diverse product designs and specifications in the manufacturing industry requires CNC machine operators to have high technical skills and strong self-efficacy and creativity. High self-efficacy allows operators to be more confident in applying their technical skills, while creativity helps them solve problems and challenges during the production process. This study aims to improve students' self-efficacy and creativity by applying the Peer-Project Based Learning (Peer-PjBL) model, which combines aspects of project-based learning with peer-to-peer learning. The method used in this research is Classroom Action Research (PTK), which consists of two implementation cycles. Each cycle involves planning, implementation, observation, and reflection stages. The subjects of this study were 20 students who took the CNC Machining Technology course at Yogyakarta State University. Data were collected using a questionnaire that measured self-efficacy and student creativity indicators and then analyzed descriptively. The results showed that applying the Peer-PjBL method significantly increased students' self-efficacy and creativity in each research cycle. This improvement can be seen in students' ability to face new challenges independently, as well as their ability to generate diverse creative ideas in solving problems. This research makes an important contribution to the development of learning methods in vocational education by emphasizing the improvement of technical abilities and non-technical skills, such as self-efficacy and creativity, which are needed in the modern world of work.

This study aims to develop and implement learning media in the form of electric motorbike trainers to improve students' understanding of electric vehicle technology. The research method used is research and development (RD) with the Successive Approximation Model (SAM) approach, which is applied in the electric vehicle technology course curriculum in the Automotive Engineering Education study programme. The participants in this study were undergraduate students involved in the learning process using an electric motorbike trainer. The research instruments included observation, interviews, questionnaires, and practical assessment sheets. The results showed that the designed electric motorbike trainer can be used properly and is feasible to operate in the learning process if used in accordance with procedures. Based on the assessment of material experts and media experts, this learning media is considered feasible to implement in learning. A survey of 47 students showed that 63% of respondents strongly agreed that this electric motorbike trainer is an effective innovation in supporting learning. In conclusion, the development of this electric motorbike trainer not only enriches the learning experience but also has the potential to improve students' understanding of electric vehicle technology. This research contributes to providing innovative learning media that is relevant to today's technological needs and can be adopted more widely in various technical education institutions.

This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the Expertise Competency Test (UKK) for students of Vocational High Schools (SMK) in the Machining Engineering Expertise Program implemented by the First Party Professional Certification Agency (LSP P1) in Banten Province. The evaluation was conducted using the CIPP model (Context, Input, Process, Product, and Outcome). This study is useful for assessing the performance of LSP P1 in implementing the UKK and evaluating the impact of UKK graduates on their acceptance in the industrial world. The research was conducted in three vocational schools in Banten Province with the research subjects including the head of LSP P1, the head of the machining engineering expertise programme, and competency assessors. The research instruments used were questionnaires, observations, documents and interviews, which had been validated by expert judgement. The data analysis technique used was descriptive quantitative. The results showed that the implementation of UKK by LSP P1 in Banten vocational schools received the following evaluations: 1) Context aspect scored 3.36 (very good category), 2) Input aspect scored 3.47 (very good category), 3) Process aspect scored 3.36 (very good category), 4) Product aspect scored 3.26 (very good category), and 5) Outcome aspect scored 2.94 (good category). In conclusion, the implementation of the UKK by LSP P1 in the Machining Engineering Expertise Programme at SMK Banten Province has been running very well in most aspects, although there is room for improvement in the Outcome aspect related to the impact of graduates in the industrial world. The contribution of this research is to provide an overview of the effectiveness of expertise competency certification in SMKs as well as input to improve the quality of graduates who are better prepared to compete in the world of work.

This research aims to implement and develop a new teaching and learning factory model based on life skills in Vocational Secondary Education (SME) Creative and Production Crafts Expertise Program. This model is designed to support the needs of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 by integrating project-based learning through collaboration between the school curriculum and the industrial world. This research usesmixed methods, with a quasi-experimental design involving control and experimental groups using pre-test and post-test. The results showed that the new teaching and learning factory model was valid and reliable based on expert validation tests. The implementation of this model successfully increased students' creativity in product design, production, and commercialisation, and it developed social skills such as critical thinking, communication, collaboration, and interpersonal skills. In conclusion, the implementation of the life skills-based teaching factory model is effective in preparing students to face the challenges of the world of work, improving innovation skills, and supporting production processes that are relevant to industry needs. The contribution of this research is in the development of an innovative learning model that integrates the education curriculum with the world of work, thus producing graduates who are better prepared to face the challenges of the Industrial Revolution 4.0.

Graduates who are superior, competitive, and ready to work are the goals of vocational education. The purpose of this research is to determine the impact of Teaching Factory (TEFA) implementation with the Context, Input, Process, and Product (CIPP) evaluation model and student work readiness on the Occupational Future Time Perspective (OFTP). Indeed, nowadays, professional/vocational graduates must be ready to enter the industrial world after graduation. This research involved 456 respondents of Vocational High School (VHS) students in South Sulawesi, Indonesia, who were determined using a proportional random sampling technique. This type of research is descriptive quantitative with data analysis using SEM AMOS. The results showed that there was a significant influence between the implementation of TEFA and the level of work readiness up to 57%, while the actual contribution of teaching and work readiness factors to future employment time was 80.7%. Overall, the results show that the implementation of TEFA has successfully helped students become more independent and ready to face the competitive world of work. Although 19.3 factors still influence work readiness and prospects, the research results do not change much. Therefore, the application of a teaching factory in the learning process is highly recommended for teachers and students in vocational schools. The implementation can be adjusted to the learning conditions and resources available in VHS. This research contributes as a source of reference in future studies related to improving practical learning and developing students' entrepreneurial skills.

This research aims to determine the indirect correlation between academic achievement, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and self-efficacy on the teaching readiness of education study program students. This type of research is quantitative and inferential in testing the hypothesis. This research was conducted in October 2022, and the subjects in this study were 167 students from the Universitas Negeri Gorontalo classes of 2018 and 2019. The sampling technique used is saturated sampling, which is used to select samples that include every member of the population. The instrument used in this research is a questionnaire that has been validated by experts and has been tested for validity and reliability. The results of the research show that (1) There is an indirect positive influence between academic achievement on teaching readiness through self-efficacy by 20.9%, intrinsic motivation on teaching readiness through self-efficacy by 74.1%, and extrinsic motivation on teaching readiness through self-efficacy by 43.3%; (2) There is a direct positive influence between self-efficacy on teaching readiness by 42.9%. Thus, self-efficacy is directly related to teaching readiness and can mediate the relationship between academic achievement, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, and teaching readiness. The findings of this research can be used to develop and evaluate engineering education study programs that will prepare graduates to become teachers.

This research aims to develop a framework for a hybrid teaching factory model that combines face-to-face and online learning with information and communication technology to improve employability skills in the new normal era. The research method uses the ADDIE Research and Development model, which consists of five stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The research was conducted in several vocational high schools in DKI Jakarta Region, Indonesia. The findings in the research prove that the implementation of hybrid learning has an impact on students and teachers. Hybrid learning teaching factory is proven to be able to overcome frustrations and limitations between teachers and students in the learning process through online facilities, making teaching factory learning more innovative because there are variations of learning to interact and discuss, and making the classroom atmosphere conducive because students become happy and active in learning and skilled in working. The success of a hybrid teaching factory is considered mutually beneficial for both students and teachers who complete one of the teaching factory learning curriculums while industry instructors develop and work on collaborative platforms that provide useful services such as augmented reality and virtual reality-based applications.