AbstractObjectivesTo: 1) evaluate the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines among South Asians living in Ontario, Canada compared to non-South Asians, and 2) compare the odds of symptomatic COVID-19 infection and related hospitalizations and deaths among non-vaccinated South Asians and non-South Asians.DesignTest negative design studySettingOntario, Canada between Dec 14, 2020 and Nov 15, 2021ParticipantsAll eligible individuals >18 years with symptoms of COVID-19 and subdivided by South Asian ethnicity versus other, and those who were vaccinated versus non-vaccinated.Main Outcome measuresThe primary outcome was vaccine effectiveness as defined by COVID-19 infections, hospitalizations, and deaths, and secondary outcome was the odds of COVID-19 infections, hospitalizations, and death comparing non-vaccinated South Asians to non-vaccinated non-South Asians.Results883,155 individuals were included. Among South Asians, two doses of COVID-19 vaccine prevented 93.8% (95% CI 93.2, 94.4) of COVID-19 infections and 97.5% (95% CI 95.2, 98.6) of hospitalizations and deaths. Among non-South Asians, vaccines prevented 86.6% (CI 86.3, 86.9) of COVID-19 infections and 93.1% (CI 92.2, 93.8) of hospitalizations and deaths. Non-vaccinated South Asians had higher odds of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to non-vaccinated non-South Asians (OR 2.35, 95% CI 2.3, 2.4), regardless of their immigration status.ConclusionsCOVID-19 vaccines are effective in preventing infections, hospitalizations and deaths among South Asians living in Canada. The observation that non-vaccinated South Asians have higher odds of symptomatic COVID-19 infection warrants further investigation.What is already known?Some ethnic communities, such as South Asians, were disproportionately impacted during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there are limited data on COVID-19 vaccine efficacy among this high-risk ethnic group.What this study adds?-In this large population-based study including close to 900,000 individuals in Canada, we show COVID-19 vaccines are effective in preventing symptomatic SARS CoV-2 infections, hospitalizations and deaths among both South Asians and non-South Asians.-We also demonstrate that, among non-vaccinated individuals, South Asians have higher odds of COVID-19 infection, and an increased risk of COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths compared to non-South Asians.

Purpose Strategic pivoting, the decision to invest in shifting the attention of an organization, is no longer limited to early-stage organizations and entrepreneurs but has, without a discussion of complications, been applied to large corporations and public agencies. Design/methodology/approach This conceptual paper defines strategic pivoting, highlights the centrality of pivoting in new and entrepreneurial organizations and critically examines its application as a strategy fostering organizational agility in corporations. Findings Pivoting in the corporate context complicates the ease of executing an attention shift by introducing a path-dependent momentum that requires modification of the time horizon, stakeholder strategy and the frequency of pivoting. Practical implications This comparative examination of pivoting highlights the importance of organizational size, complexity, degree of specialization and path-dependent history when deciding to pivot. Originality/value The present ease with which the strategic pivot is treated as an adaptive strategy to corporate leaders seeking greater flexibility overstates the ease of execution.

Pregnancy-related lumbopelvic and hip pain affects over half of postpartum females and has multiple aetiologies. The relative contribution of intra-articular soft tissue pathology to pregnancy-related hip pain is unknown. The current review investigates the available evidence regarding underlying intra-articular soft tissue aetiologies of hip pain in females during pregnancy and in the acute postpartum period. Three online databases (Embase, PubMed and Ovid [MEDLINE]) were searched from database inception until 11 April 2021. All titles, relevant abstracts and full-text articles were screened by two reviewers independently. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) instrument. Descriptive study characteristics are presented in a narrative summary. Five level IV evidence articles were eligible for inclusion. Twenty-two females were included. Twenty patients presented with labral pathology, 15 of which necessitated hip arthroscopy with labral debridement or repair with or without acetabuloplasty and/or femoroplasty. One patient presented with an incidental labral tear in the context of osteitis condensans illi. One patient presented with posttraumatic osteoarthritis necessitating a hip arthroplasty. The contribution of intra-articular soft tissue injury is a documented, albeit sparse, aetiology contributing to pregnancy-related hip pain. Further research to better delineate the prevalence, natural history and optimal management options for females who sustained these injuries at a life-altering juncture is necessary to advance the care of these patients.

Despite the clear benefits of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination in mitigating the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, there are emerging reports of postvaccination myocarditis, the majority of which are diagnosed based on the clinical and radiologic findings without biopsy confirmation. We report a case of biopsy-confirmed lymphohistiocytic myocarditis after Moderna mRNA-1273 vaccination. We describe a case of a previously healthy 45-year-old woman who had palpitations, exercise intolerance, and syncope 1 week after her first mRNA-1273 vaccine dose. Laboratory tests and cardiac imaging were compatible with myocarditis. Given her unusual clinical presentation, an endomyocardial biopsy was performed to exclude other potential etiologies. The endomyocardial biopsy specimen showed patchy endocardial and intramyocardial lymphohistiocytic infiltrates with scattered eosinophils and focal myocyte injury. CD3 and CD68 immunostains confirmed the lymphocytic and histiocytic nature of the infiltrate, respectively. A focal histiocytic collection suggestive of an ill-defined granuloma was present. The histologic and immunohistochemical findings of a lymphohistiocytic myocarditis were highly suggestive of a postvaccination hypersensitivity reaction. Myocarditis following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is a rare adverse event. The findings of a lymphohistiocytic myocarditis with scattered eosinophils and a possible ill-defined granuloma are highly suggestive of a hypersensitivity reaction. The mechanism by which this inflammation occurs remains uncertain. Despite our findings, the benefits of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination far outweigh the risks.

If Canadian refugee policy is to serve interests of Canadians as well as those of genuine refugees in an effective manner, far more radical changes will be needed than have been attempted to date. They must include the introduction of robust safe third country designations, a review of the 1985 Singh decision of the Supreme Court of Canada, and possible withdrawal by Canada of its accession to the 1951 UN Refugee Convention. Other measures should also be considered such as placing an annual limit on the intake of refugees from overseas combined with that of successful in-country asylum seekers as well as establishing provision for temporary refugee status in Canada in addition to permanent resettlement. Measures should be taken to return Canada to its role primarily as a resettlement country for refugees selected abroad and not one that accommodates large numbers of asylum seekers making claims on our territory. With strong public backing for major changes, political parties that oppose such reforms will do so at the risk of losing electoral support.

Today’s working population is expected to experience a longer and healthier life than previous generations did. This, combined with a currently shrinking workforce, means the participation of older adults in the labor market is expected to positively contribute to national economic and social development. Policymakers have therefore implemented a series of reforms to motivate and encourage both employers and employees to embrace the prospect of an aging workforce and to respond to the associated challenges of such a demographic change in the workplace. This paper aims to provide an overview of recent policy initiatives in this context and to identify the role of technology in major international initiatives in overcoming the key challenges faced by developed countries. We have conducted a scoping review to obtain large volumes of peer-reviewed and gray literature. Our findings suggest that the stakeholders (researchers, government agencies, employers, and communities) are not only aware of the current issues relating to the aging population but also understand the importance of policies in terms of retaining older people in the workforce. In particular, our results indicate that technology, in both the public and private sectors, can be leveraged as a tool to facilitate older adults’ participation in the workforce.