The defense against urban pluvial flooding relies on the prediction of rainfall frequency, intensity, and long-term trends. The influence of the choice of the complete time series or the wet-day series on the rain analyses remains unclear, which affects the adaptive strategies for the old industrial cities such as Changchun in Northeastern China, with the outdated combined sewer systems. Based on the data from the two separate weather stations, four types of distributions were compared for analyzing the complete daily precipitation series, and their fitting accuracy was found in decreasing order of Pearson III, Pareto–Burr–Feller distribution (PBF), generalized extreme value (GEV), and Weibull. The Pearson III and the PBF probability distribution functions established based on the complete time series were found to be at least 458% and 227%, respectively, more accurate in fitting with the consecutive observations than those built from the wet-day-only series, which did not take account of the probability of the dry periods between the rain events. The rain depths of the return periods determined from the wet-day-only series might be over-predicted by at least 76% if the complete daily series were regarded as being more closely representative of the real condition. A clear threshold of 137 days was found in this study to divide the persistent or autocorrelated time series from the antipersistent or independent time series based on the climacogram analysis, which provided a practical way for independence determination. Due to the significant difference in the rain analyses established from the two time series, this work argued that the complete daily series better represented the real condition and, therefore, should be used for the frequency analysis for flood planning and infrastructure designs.

ABSTRACT Research intends to identify: features of ideological culture within China’s education sector; the most effective theory of ideology, capable of developing the individuals’ worldviews and values, revealing their civic-minded self-awareness; the dominant personality traits that can most effectively influence the moulding of civic-minded attitudes and social responsibility among China’s residents. This research project included an experiment conducted to determine the effectiveness of various theories of ideology in China’s education sector. As the experiment’s findings suggest, traditional Confucianism was identified as the most productive ideology (51.2%). The research findings may be used in the study of various ideologies, such as liberalism and neoliberalism, socialism, feminism, communism and social democracy, applicable to existing systems of ideological culture education in the globalization settings (within the context of pedagogical and psychotherapeutic activities, as well as in order to improve methods of teaching general subjects and education levels among students).

Basalt textile-reinforced concrete (BTRC) is an environment friendly building material attracted wide attention in civil engineering. The investigation of the durability characteristic of the BTRC specimen is an important part of guiding the design of BTRC. In this paper, the tensile and flexural performances were investigated by the pull-out test and the four-point bending test with BTRC specimens under different freeze–thaw conditions. Meanwhile, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) is employed in the micro-cracks and bonding performance analysis. The results showed that as the number of freeze–thaw cycles increased, the peak and residual bonding stress are reduced, and the same for the ultimate flexural loading. The paper presents the formulas for calculating the ultimate flexural strength of BTRC under freeze–thaw cycles, and the difference in calculating results is less than 12% of the experimental results. The SEM images are shown that as the number of freeze–thaw cycles increased, the gap between the bonding surface was widened, which also well explains the degradation of bonding performance between fiber bundles and concrete matrix. And the normalized strength degradation law satisfies the function relation well.

In order to solve the problem the permeability coefficient and strength of pervious concrete pavement are difficult to coordinate. In this paper, the basalt fiber was incorporated into pervious concrete, and the single factor control variable method was used to carry out the test of basalt fiber modified pervious concrete, and combined with the microstructure image, the influence law of different diameters, lengths, and dosages of basalt fibers on mechanical properties and pervious properties of pervious concrete were studied. The optimal incorporation index of basalt fiber was determined by a new analysis method—the entropy method. Finally, it is concluded that basalt fiber can improve the mechanical and pervious properties of pervious concrete by changing the internal structure of pervious concrete. In addition, when the diameter of basalt fiber increases from 14 μm to 20 μm, the compressive strength of pervious concrete decreases by 17.79%. The splitting tensile strength showed a trend of increasing to decreasing. The porosity and water permeability increased by 2.55% and 48.66%, respectively. When the basalt fiber length increases from 12 mm to 24 mm, the compressive strength of pervious concrete increases by 20.54%, and the splitting tensile strength increases first and then decreases. The porosity and water permeability increased by 6.40% and 57.68%, respectively. When the content of basalt fiber increases from 2 kg/m3 to 6 kg/m3, the compressive strength of pervious concrete decreases by 16.25%. The splitting tensile strength increases by 23.72%. The porosity and permeability decreased by 7.75% and 39.36%, respectively. Finally, the entropy method is used to comprehensively analyze the optimum incorporation indexes of basalt fiber, which can achieve the optimal mechanical properties and water permeability at the same time with, 20 μm in diameter, 24 mm in length, and 2 kg/m3 in dosage, and it provides a reference value for the popularization and application of basalt fiber pervious concrete in practical engineering.

The application of the low impact development (LID) in a cold climate such as northeastern China is constrained by two unresolved research questions with regards to its infiltration potential through the winter and its varied runoff regimes between winters and summers. This study picked a typical residential district under construction in Changchun, China, and modeled the storm drainage system with and without LID facilities based on the Storm Water Management Model. The hydrological performance of LID was evaluated through various design storms and historic rain events in dry, average, and wet years. The influence of the Horton and the Green–Ampt infiltration methods on the seasonal water budgets was particularly compared since the former is universally adopted in China while the latter is more widely used in the U.S. and other countries. The results indicate that the Horton method tended to generate a higher infiltration volume than the Green–Ampt method. Consequently, when driven by the 100-year design storm, the Horton method led to a 17.4% higher outflow than the Green–Ampt method; when driven by the measured 3-year precipitation in the study area, the yearly runoff coefficients, with regards to the Horton method, were at least 1.3 times higher than those modeled by the Green–Ampt method. This finding challenged the interchangeable use of the Horton and Green–Ampt methods without tests. Furthermore, the formation of snow covers in winter also reduced the permeability of LID and its capacity of managing runoff compared to summer. However, LID still exhibited a decent potential of regulating the winter runoff in the cold region compared to the baseline, possibly owing to the presence of frequent freezing-thawing cycles.

Abstract Dams are important structures for the development and utilization of water resources, and dam stability is significantly affected by the filter layer. In this paper, eight groups of combination seepage tests of impermeable materials and filter were conducted. The effects of variations in grade, relative density, and thickness of impermeable materials and filter on the combination seepage resistance performance were assessed. The test results showed that: impermeable material and filter grade significantly affect combination seepage resistance. The critical hydraulic gradient and permeability coefficient decrease by 34% with increasing soil coarseness within the design envelope. The critical hydraulic gradient and failure gradient of specimen decreased by 17 and 20%, when the relative density of the filter material decreased from 0.7 to 0.5, respectively. Therefore, in actual engineering applications, the dry density or relative density of the filter material should be strictly controlled during filling. Increasing the thickness of the filter benefits combination seepage. The effect of changes in particle composition and relative density on the combination seepage characteristics can be expressed by controlling constriction size.

With the expansion of urbanization and the increasing demand for rapid construction, prefabricated base structures have been effectively used in shortening the construction time of asphalt pavements. However, the existence of various joints between conventional prefabricated blocks reduces the overall load-bearing capacity of the base structure. To overcome this deficiency, this study proposes to design specific joints between the prefabricated blocks, which could ensure the durability and load-bearing capacity of the prefabricated base. To achieve this goal, the design parameters and evaluation indexes were firstly analyzed based on the finite element method. Secondly, the single factor analysis method was used to preliminarily analyze the influence of the inclination of the lateral surface of the base block, the base material and the joint shape on the evaluation indexes of the prefabricated base, providing data support for the multi-factor analysis. The representative combinations were then selected using an orthogonal experimental design approach. On the basis of range- and variance analysis, the influencing factors were analyzed significantly, and the design scheme of the prefabricated base joint was proposed. Finally, the load-bearing capacity of the prefabricated base structure was calculated and verified using the modified Benkelman beam method. The results indicate that the optimal design scheme of the prefabricated base is achieved when the depth of the transverse groove is 10 mm, the degree of lateral tilt of the base block is 0.25, the modulus of the mortar is 6 GPa, and the width of the joint is 30 mm. In summary, the proposed method can ensure the load-bearing capacity of the prefabricated base during the rapid construction of asphalt pavement.