A form of preventive protection against the inclusion of well-known perfume brands on local perfumes is the existence of regulations in the form of provisions in Articles in Law Number 20 of 2016 concerning Brands and Geographical Indications. Apart from that, the regulations include registration and licensing which also includes forms of preventive protection. A form of repressive protection for the owner of a famous perfume is in the form of a claim for compensation or termination of all actions related to the use of the brand or based on criminal prosecution through law enforcement officials. Owners of well-known foreign perfume brands are required to register their brands in Indonesia using the International Registration method according toMadrid Protocol as previously explained. After that, we will enter into a licensing agreement with a local perfume owner who wants to list a famous perfume brand in Indonesia.

The controversy over religious marriages is still a matter of legitimate recognition by the state. The provisions of this regulation have not been explicitly regulated in the Act No. 16 of 2019 on the Amendment of the Regulation of the Law No. 1 of 1974. So researchers are interested to know the establishment of marriages of different religions based on the human rights perspective in the decision of the Supreme Court No. 1400K/Pdt/1986. This research is analytically descriptive, with an empirical jurisprudential approach and using the type of library research, to describe in depth about the topic of marriage from a different religious perspective through the understanding of concepts, understanding marriage rules, analyzing and concluding the results of research. So it is concluded that this problem does not have a point of legal clarity and creates a legal vacuum, so that this practice does not get a place in the eyes of the law. This practice of marriage is considered difficult to implement, so not a few people submit to the trust of their partners to carry out the marriage. According to the International DUHAM instrument, marriages of different religions are deemed to violate the right of every human being to enter into marriage. So the practice of marriage of different religions in the country of Indonesia is established on the basis of the decision of the Supreme Court No. 1400K/Pdt/1986. It's supposed to have got the attention of the government by issuing a new legal regulation

This writing discusses the influence of legal certainty in the Bankruptcy and Delayed Debt Payment Obligation (PKPU) Law on investor interest in the Fintech Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Lending sector, using the legal certainty theory by Lon Fuller. A potential solution in the form of the B-Ready approach is also proposed to enhance legal certainty for investors through the revision of the Bankruptcy and PKPU Laws. This approach is normatively analyzed through statutory and conceptual approaches. Research findings indicate that the current Bankruptcy and PKPU Laws do not fulfill Fuller's eight elements of legal certainty, particularly regarding the prohibition of conflicting regulations and the alignment of rules with their practical application. This could potentially detrimentally affect investor interest in the Fintech P2P Lending sector due to legal uncertainty jeopardizing their investments. The B-Ready approach emerges as a potential solution by identifying seven aspects in the Draft Bankruptcy and PKPU Laws that can facilitate business ease for investors when facing business bankruptcy. Overall, a review of the Bankruptcy and PKPU Laws is crucial to establish a clearer and advantageous legal environment for investors in the Fintech P2P Lending sector. The B-Ready approach holds potential as a foundation for revising regulations, ensuring the necessary legal certainty for investors.

The practice of early-age marriage has been observed to have a multitude of adverse effects on various domains, including mental health, physical health, education, productivity, and most significantly, the quality of human resources in the future. The practice of early-age marriage has been observed in various locations, including the village of Arajang in the Wajo region. The legality of early-age marriage is addressed in National Law No.16 of 2019, which stipulates that marriage is only permissible when both people involved have attained the age of 19. However, it is important to note that the actual findings diverge significantly. This study employed a qualitative approach, utilizing open interviews as the primary technique of data collection. Additionally, deductive reasoning was employed in the analysis of the gathered data. This research has identified several factors that influence early-age marriage, including cultural and traditional practices, levels of knowledge and education, instances of adultery, and economic and poverty-related concerns. Another outcome of this study indicates that the residents of Arajang do not exhibit concerns regarding early-age marriage. Consequently, there is a pressing necessity to undertake comprehensive educational initiatives to raise awareness about the consequences of child marriage.

This study aims to analyze the legal validity and legal force of a testament whose contents violate the 'legitieme portie' of the heirs. The testament may not contain provisions that reduce the absolute share of the heirs. The Civil Law Code stipulates a system of restrictions on the allocation of inheritance to be distributed to heirs through 'legitieme portie' in order to protect heirs from the tendency for heirs to benefit other people. This study uses a normative juridical research method with conceptual and statutory approaches. The results of this study are testaments that contain provisions regarding the distribution of inheritance which violates the 'legitieme portie' of heirs, thus legally it must be prosecuted and enforced based on the provisions of Article 913 juncto Article 914 juncto Article 920 of the Civil Law Code. However, if the heirs do not sue, the testament as intended will continue as it is. In other words, the testament remains valid even if it contains a violation of the 'legitieme portie' of the heir as long as it has not been canceled by the injured party.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is applied in large activities of daily life. However, besides the positive sides of AI, there are still many legal concerns about implementing AI in medical practice and healthcare services. Ethical consideration needs legal background involvement. This paper aims to describe the legal consideration in implementing Artificial Intelligence (AI) when dealing with patients in healthcare services. This is a narrative literature review. Literature was searched from Science Direct, Google Scholar, and PubMed. The inclusion criteria are research and review. The exclusion criteria are unavailable in full-text journals. The articles were read twice to reduce the possibility of bias. Finally, the selected articles were summarized and narrated in a review. Possible pitfalls in legal concerns when using Artificial Intelligence when dealing with patients include patient privacy, data sharing, rigorous testing procedure, and expensive process. Unification and harmonization of legal regimes have to be applied for legal regulation. Non-discriminative principles are required to ensure legal liability. Legal concerns about implementing Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare services include patient privacy, data sharing, and testing procedure. Legal liability should be ensured by non-discriminative principles.

This article explores the potential modern exploitation of the partnership between couriers and delivery companies. This research is normative legal research. The author used data from the literature and a survey of 37 couriers from 14 different companies. Of the 37 couriers who filled out the survey, in-depth interviews were conducted on 7 couriers from 6 different companies. The results suggested that the practice of Undue Influence can occur when the courier is economically or psychologically powerless to bind in a partnership agreement with the company. During the Covid-19 pandemic, couriers have a much weaker economic and psychological position than the company. The company uses its special circumstances to establish policies unilaterally and makes a “take it or leave it” offer to the courier. Moreover, the relationship between the courier and the delivery company that is applied is not an industrial relationship, so it is not subject to the provisions of the legislation concerning manpower. Consequently, the provisions in the partnership agreement do not have a safety net for couriers and tend to only side with the company.

Bank credit activities carried out with all internal policies must apply the principle of prudence. PPJB which is a binding agreement between the parties whose rights are not yet perfect, compilation is used as a guarantee of mortgage rights can be a cause of failure to fulfill the prudential principle. This research is a normative juridical research, using literature approach. The results of the discussion and conclusion of this study show: Bank's internal policy that states PPJB used as security of mortgage can be done using the process of making a Note Cover. This can bring the bank in the position of being stolen because making a Cover Note does not require an approved deed related to the buying and selling process such as a sale and purchase certificate or certificate. Furthermore, debtors who are negligent or have no good intentions, the Cover Note does not increase to become a certificate. Such participation makes the object to be requested or bound with mortgage rights still needed, so the position of the bank's creditors is threatened as concurrent creditors who do not have a special position of compilation in the credit process.

Society often view woman as a graceful, sensitive, and patient human being. That view often found in a patriarchal society. Patriarchal society itself is a society where man had absolute power and dominence over a woman. Because of that view, woman tend to be discriminated and abuse physically, sexually, or physchologically. Human trafficking is one form of crime against woman. The Republic of Indonesia had regulated regarding the human trafficking on Law Number 21 of 2007 on Eradication of Human Trafficking. The philosophy behind the creation of this law is based on the fact that human trafficking especially on woman and children is an act that against the dignity of human and can be consider as a breach of human right, therefore it has to be eliminate. Also the current legislation regarding human trafficking isn’t capable of providing a comprehensive and integrated legal basis for the eradiction of such criminal acts. RBA as a criminal offender on this paper has fulfilled the definition of human trafficking on Article 2 of Law Number 21 of 2012, also she is eligible to bear criminal responsibility of her actions as she was legally adult and legally competent, she also intentionally perform the crime, and has no legal excuse to be excused from criminal responsibility. Through this study, we hoped that: the victims of human trafficking should be rehabilitated, and the judges should be more cautious in examining the subject matter to produce impartial verdicts.

E-Commerce is a new way for buying and selling transactions, where these transactions are carried out online to facilitate and reach everyone without a certain geographical limit. In addition to e-commerce goodness, it has a weakness that the identity of the stakeholder that cannot be known. The importance of information related to identity is needed to determine whether the parties to the transaction are capable in carrying out legal actions. This becomes important to know which benchmarks of adults can conduct transactions online.