AbstractHost manipulation is a common strategy of parasites with complex lifecycles. It directly affects predator-prey dynamics in trophically transmitted parasites. Theoretical studies suggest that predation-enhancing manipulation often decimates the prey population, making parasites prone to extinction. Host manipulation, however, can also suppress predation due to conflicting interests when multiple parasites infect a host, often neglected in theoretical studies. Misaligned interests of coinfecting parasites can occur due to limited carrying capacity or parasitoid developmental stage. Including this realistic complexity in a mathematical model, the results depart from previous studies substantially. We show that coinfecting multi-trophic parasites can preserve the predator-prey system and themselves through a combination of manipulation and reproduction parameters. Our study highlights the necessity and provides the means of incorporating the reality of multiple parasites and their multi-trophic life cycles in the theory of parasite ecology.

Infrastructure that is rated "critical" has a significant long-term impact on a large number of people when it fails. This study's objective is to rank Sungai Pinang's Critical Infrastructure (CI) for flood risk assessment and vulnerability index. According to the literature research, there are seven (7) indicators that are linked to CI, including industrial areas, infrastructure and utilities, institutions and public facilities, commercial areas, transportation, residential areas, and open space and recreational areas. Experts from local governments and technical agencies in the state of Pulau Pinang that are concerned with and related to CI ranked the indicators during the focus group discussion. The most significant degree of CI was used to order these indicators. According to the results, residential areas received the maximum score of 165 points. With a total score of 160, institutions and public buildings are the second-ranked indicator. Infrastructure and utilities, which are ranked third, received 102 points, while transportation, which is ranked fourth, received 100 points. The fifth-ranked indication is commercial areas (65 marks). Open space and recreational areas are the indicator that came in sixth (64 marks). Industrial area ranks last among the indicators (58 marks).

The acoustic performance of a CLT based building mockup was investigated within the scope of AdivBois acoustic technical commission with the objective of defining wood building constructions fulfilling requirements. The CLT based building is a three floor construction, with four rooms on each level. Acoustic measurements from junction characterization to air-borne and impact sound insulations have been performed. Apparent wood is supposed to have positive effect on health and well-being on building occupants. This paper concentrates of the effect of apparent wood on the acoustic performance : the apparent wood can be either the underside of the CLT floor (i.e., no suspended ceiling) or posts and beams possibly continuous between different rooms. The measured results are discussed with respect to prediction. A simple approach to take into account the through beams or posts is proposed. Recommendations concerning apparent wood elements in buildings are imparted.

The acoustic performance of a CLT based building mockup was investigated within the scope of AdivBois acoustic technical commission with the objective of defining wood building constructions fulfilling requirements. The CLT based building is a three floor construction, with four rooms on each level. Measurements from junction characterization to air-borne and impact sound insulations have been performed. Furthermore, acoustic measurements have been performed before and after linings and floor coverings were implemented. Moreover, several acoustic teams have carried out measurements in the building. This paper concentrates on the comparison between measured acoustic performance and the predicted one. Predictions are based on the EN ISO 12354-1 and -2 standards, using floor and wall acoustic performances measured in laboratory conditions. The effect of inserting resilient layers in junctions, floor covering and receiving room size is discussed.

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This letter focuses on the technical assessment of new products or systems in the Building sector before being placed on the market in the French and European context. In particular, it discusses the assessment of the durability aspect of innovative products or systems based on cementitious materials that do not meet specifications of standards. After a brief review of the regulatory context and existing assessment procedures, an example of method of assessment is proposed. There are six successive stages, from describing an invention to choosing relevant testing methods and assessment criteria. Thematic fact sheets describing the different kinds of known alteration for cementitious materials and associated performance assessment methods are presented. An applicant and an assessor are invited to expand the scope of their investigation in case of significant technological leap forward that involve the use of a product/system in a field of application that may not be covered by the current fact sheets.