The purpose study was to analyze a comparison of financial performance and financial distress before and during the Covid-19 pandemic in the Hotel, Restaurant, and Tourism sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2018-2021 period. In this study, a comparative descriptive method was used with a quantitative approach to test the impact of Covid-19 on financial performance and financial distress. The final sample of this study was 19 companies based on the elimination of the criteria that were only needed in this study. The proxies used to measure financial performance are profitability ratios (ROA, ROE, and NPM), while financial distress uses the Altman Z-Score model. Furthermore, these ratios were tested with a different test using the Wilcoxon sign rank test. The results showed that there were significant differences in the ratios of financial performance which included ROA, ROE, and NPM. Meanwhile, financial distress (Z-Score) also experienced significant differences between before and during the Covid-19 pandemic.

The number of COVID–19 cases in Indonesia, which continues to show a significant increase, requires the Government to issue physical distancing and social distancing policies. One of the ways that people do to minimize leaving their homes is by shopping online. The ease of purchase factor specifically dominates consumer satisfaction shopping online. This study verifies the effect of price and ease of purchase on E-commerce Tokopedia on consumer satisfaction, either partially or simultaneously. The kind of research used is causality with a quantitative analysis approach. The sampling technique was taken by selecting the subject based on the specific criteria that had been determined, namely the respondent's domicile the number of purchases in the last six months. The number of samples set in this study was 100 respondents. Multiple regression analysis was used in this study, starting with testing the validity of the data and testing the classical assumptions. Research on consumer satisfaction in E-commerce Tokopedia is known that the price factor has a strong enough affect on consumer satisfaction; the effect of ease of purchase is also influential on consumer satisfaction. This study suggests that companies formulate competitive and affordable pricing for consumers, maintain price stabilization, and provide clear information regarding the convenience of shopping at Tokopedia, especially for new consumers.

This study aims to analyze the magnitude of the affect of leadership and compensation on the performance of PT Mutu Prima Utama employees both partially and together. This research is an explanatory research with a quantitative approach. The sample in the study was 43 respondents with a saturated sample method. Data collection techniques use observation techniques, questionnaires, and literature studies. The data analysis with multiple linear regression. The results showed that leadership and compensation were proven to positively and significantly affect the performance of PT Mutu Prima Utama employees partially or together, as for the impact of the contribution is strong at 54.1 percent.

This paper examines the optimization of an Indonesian stock portfolio using two models: the Markowitz Model (Mean-Variance Model) and the Single Index Model. The data comprises historical returns of LQ 45 stocks from January 2016 to December 2021. The focus is on selecting stocks for the portfolio and determining their weights based on the two models. The study compares the performance of both optimized portfolios with the LQ45 Index benchmark, IHSG market, and each other using Sharpe and Treynor measurements. The paper tests whether the stock composition of the optimized portfolio from both models successfully and consistently generates a better performance in the future (1 January 2022 – 31 December 2022) and (1 January 2023 – 31 December 2023) compared to both LQ45 and IHSG. The results reveal a notable contrast in portfolio performance between 2022 and 2023. In 2022, both the Markowitz and Single Index portfolios exhibited remarkable returns, surpassing LQ 45 and IHSG. However, in 2023, both portfolios experienced substantial underperformance, with negative returns and unfavorable risk-adjusted metrics. These findings underscore the dynamic nature of financial markets and the need for continuous portfolio monitoring and adaptation. Investors are encouraged to reevaluate their portfolio strategies in response to changing market conditions. The study contributes valuable insights into the temporal variability of optimized portfolios and their sensitivity to evolving market dynamics.

The laying hen farming business is one of the contributors of protein food to the community but faces stiff competition in business. This research examines the external and internal factors of the laying hen cultivation business at PT. Supermama Farm. The research method is descriptive. The analysis tools are SWOT analysis and QSPM. The research results show that the total IFAS value is 3,238 and the EFAS value is 3,029. This condition is in quadrant I. The main strategy taken by the company is trying to maintain chicken performance so that the quality of the eggs is high, maintaining relationships with the social environment and customers (TAS 7.140), and guaranteeing product quality (7.082).

The factors contributing to the thriving market penetration of the Indomie brand in the Middle Eastern instant noodle industry. Through an analysis of the brand's localization, affordability, adaptability to dietary needs, marketing, and distribution strategies, the abstract highlights the critical components of Indomie's triumph. The brand's ability to tailor flavors, packaging, and promotional efforts to align with Middle Eastern preferences has played a significant role in its widespread popularity. Moreover, the affordability and accessibility of Indomie products have positioned them as a favored choice across various consumer segments. The brand's recognition and response to dietary considerations, such as halal certification, further underscore its resonance with the regional market. The abstract underscores the insights that can be gleaned from Indomie's success story, particularly in effectively navigating diverse cultural and economic landscapes through strategic alignment and marketing acumen.

Hospitality has a strategic role in supporting the smooth running of the tourism industry. However, high job demands often cause employees to experience fatigue. So that all activities carried out run harmoniously, employees need to experience work-life balance. This study uses role theory to observe the phenomena of an employee's work and non-work life. The location for primary data collection was the Special Region of Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. The research respondents were married hotel employees. The questionnaire uses a Likert scale with five choices. The research instrument was adapted from previous studies. The number of questionnaires that can be processed is ninety-six. The data analysis technique uses exploratory factor analysis. Before factor analysis was carried out, the primary data collected was filtered first using KMO and Bartlett's Test of Sphericity. Varimax is used to determine new factors. From the test, six factors shape work-life balance. The names of the new factors include a meaningful career, family obligations, diligent work, a comfortable home, fun at work, and how to be successful. Meanwhile, the most dominant factor is a meaningful career.

The Indonesian Food and Beverage industry is a dynamic and pivotal sector in the Indonesian business ecosystem, contributing significantly to the nation's economic growth and reflecting its cultural diversity. This paper delves into the relationship between the Cash Conversion Cycle and the profitability of Indonesian Food and Beverage listed companies. By examining this intricate connection, the study aims to provide valuable insights for financial managers, policymakers, investors, and researchers within this sector. This study used panel data regression with a purposive sampling method with a total of 687 samples that spans from 2007 until 2022. Data processing in this study uses Eviews 9. The research adopts Gross Profitability as a precise measure closely linked to working capital management and tests hypotheses related to the Cash Conversion Cycle components, including Days of Inventory Outstanding, Days of Sales Outstanding, and Days of Payable Outstanding. The findings reveal that Days of Sales Outstanding significantly and negatively impacts Gross Profitability, emphasizing the importance of efficient accounts receivable collection for profitability. Days of Inventory Outstanding, while marginally significant, also shows a negative association with Gross Profitability. In contrast, Days of Payable Outstanding does not exhibit statistical significance in explaining variations in Gross Profitability. These insights provide valuable guidance for managers in optimizing working capital management. Moreover, the paper recommends future research directions, including long-term analysis, industry-specific exploration, the influence of macroeconomic factors, comparative studies, and qualitative research to deepen our understanding of the Cash Conversion Cycle 's role in the Indonesian Food and Beverage industry and enhance financial management practices.

The purpose of this paper is to review international business articles, particularly what strategies in emerging economies and multinational enterprises subsidiaries strategies. There are two main papers utilized, the first one is Hoskisson, Eden, Lau and Wright's 2000 article, entitled Strategy in Emerging Economies. Strategy formulation and implementation by private and public enterprises in a variety of regional contexts and from three major theoretical perspectives: institutional theory, transaction cost economics, and the resource-based view of the firm. The second paper is Amy J Hillman and William P Wan's 2005 article, The Determinants of MNE Subsidiary Political Strategies: Evidence of Institutional Duality. Using recent theoretical advances in institutional theory that acknowledge that MNE subsidiaries face pressures for isomorphism both within the corporation (internal legitimacy) and within the host country (external legitimacy). A common thread can be drawn between these two articles, namely the use of institutional theory in determining the strategy for multinational enterprises.

The market potential for fast food restaurants in Indonesia is large. Fast food restaurant “X” in North Jakarta which is one of the fast food restaurants in Indonesia has four competitors that becomes a challenge. Therefore, this fast food restaurant can build good relationships with customers, so customer loyalty can be achieved. Customer loyalty can be influenced by physical environment and food safety through customer satisfaction. Furthermore, customer loyalty can be influenced by customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction can be influenced by physical environment and food safety. Thus, this research aims to test the influence of physical environment and food safety on customer satisfaction; test the influence of customer satisfaction on customer loyalty; and examine the role of customer satisfaction in mediating the influence of physical environment and food safety on customer loyalty. The study population is customers from fast food restaurant “X” in North Jakarta. 140 people as the research respondents were examined. The sampling method used is non-probability with purposive sampling technique. The research instruments used are questionnaires via Google Form. The data analysis technique used is SEM using SmartPLS software. The results are physical environment and food safety have positive influence on customer satisfaction, customer satisfaction has positive influence on customer loyalty, and physical environment and food safety have positive influence on customer loyalty through customer satisfaction. Hence, fast food restaurant “X” in North Jakarta must pay attention to the physical environment and food safety because these can increase customer satisfaction and ultimately maintain customer loyalty.