What caused the Russian invasion of Ukraine and what were its effects?

The Russia–Ukraine war and its future consequences is unclear, but how the process develops willclearly affect Russia’s future course, and how the war ends will have its fundamental implicationsfor global order. Since the invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, the United States has taken thelead in providing Ukraine with substantial military equipment and training, economic aid as well asdiplomatic support. The paper focuses on the US strategic interests in Russia-Ukraine War, its roleand implications on the world order. It analyses the regional affects and the US interests as a democraticstate in the global order. Finally, the paper focuses on US sanctions against Russia, underlinesits influence over the regional security and democracy, and concentrates on the aids as well as fundsprovided by US to Ukraine.

The lingering tension between Ukraine and Russia have been visible since Ukraine gained its independence in 1991 not until 20 February, 2014 following the Ukraine’s revolution of dignity, and in February 2022 Russia lunched a full scale invasion of Ukraine. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine is the most violent interstate conflict in the world since the second invasion of Iraq and Afghanistan in 2003 and 2001 respectively by the United States of America. The paper examined the nature and causes of this war, and consequences of the war. The Qualitative method of data analysis through the use of Secondary sources of data was used in achieving the said objectives. The paper adopts the power theory as theoretical framework in investigating the nature of the war, remote and immediate causes of the war. The paper found out that the war is hybrid in nature and there are remote causes such as Ukraine’s sense of national identity, idiosyncrasy of the leaders’ involved and immediate causes such as Ukraine’s sovereignty, and status of Crimea, Donetsk, and Luhansk, international alliances, that triggered the occupation of Ukraine by Russia in February of 2022. The paper recommends that respect for a state’s sovereignty as enshrined in international law and United Nation’s charter should be a thing of national concern of both countries, that referendum should be considered especially with issues surrounding the status of Crimea. Also the paper recommends mutual tolerance and respect for international law, to avert plunging the world into avoidable crises of unimaginable proportion

On February 24, Russia's Special Military Operations invaded Ukraine in what became one of Europe's most significant military conflicts since the Cold War. Meanwhile, this military operation inevitably affected the rest of the world instead of only being a localized engagement. For instance, the USA and western Europe went on high alert about the impact of the invasion on the global economy. These fears were confirmed as the world economy followed a path affected by the Russia-Ukraine crisis, particularly concerning commodities and currency. In one of our recent studies, we investigated the correlation between commodities and currencies. During our research, we looked at the link between past localized conflicts and how they impacted various nations' commodity prices. The relationship between the two variables can explain the significant damage to a country's production and export capacity and the driving force behind inflation. In this dataset, we first calculate the correlation ratios based on evidence such as the production and export of oil, wheat, and the state of the Russian currency (rubles). The changes in these aspects were investigated before and during the war, as the conflict is still ongoing. Then, we combine these correlations with similar conditions in other conflicts to conclude. Finally, we empirically investigate the correlations between these commodities and currencies.

The energy crisis caused by the Russia–Ukraine war (RUW) has affected the energy supply chain. The countries most impacted by the sanctions imposed on Russia due to the invasion of Ukraine focused on replacing the countries they import their energy from in the short term and switching fuel, for example, from natural gas to coal in Germany. The objective of this article is to verify how the war has impacted energy trade and electricity generation in Germany and the United Kingdom (UK). The results indicate that the RUW had consequences on these countries’ energy sector, significantly affecting fuel trade and electricity generation in the immediate aftermath of the war.

The Russian invasion of Ukraine has already killed hundreds, sent thousands of refugees fleeing, and sent ripples throughout the entire world. With closed airspaces in and around the conflict leaving some stranded and flights rerouted, impending fuel price jumps, airlines and countries cutting off Russia and its national airline. The European Union’s potentially impactful sanctions on aircraft parts. The airline industry has faced 2 years of significant challenges, and it is unfortunate that as the pandemic begins to wane, they get no respite before dealing with more triage. This research focused on studies: (1) How is the impact of Russia v. Ukraine in several sectors of civil aviation? (2) How the international law regulated civil aviation during an armed conflict situation, also strategies and response for far away from worse impact Russia v. Ukraine conflict in civil aviation sectors. The research method used in this research focused on the traditional regulatory approach and a comparative approach to discuss the invasion of Russia v. Ukraine, this research also focuses on the several impacts on international aviation during wartime Russia v. Ukraine following legal, and regulatory standards regarding international aviation law. The results of this study show, several impacts in the international aviation sectors, such as in air passenger traffic, air cargo traffic, jet fuel prices, and airfares, also on the development of a broader economy. Strategies and Response for far away from worse impact Russia v. Ukraine conflict in civil aviation sectors, accelerate peace agreement. Compliance with international law regarding security and safety for international civil aviation. Recovery of the several impacts in aviation sectors during wartime, and strengthening the aviation industry to survive during crises as an impact of war.
 Keywords: invasion, Russia vs. Ukraine, international aviatio

The Russian invasion of Ukraine that began in February 2022 has caused significant disruption to global agricultural markets. As Ukraine is the world's ninth largest producer and fifth largest exporter of wheat, the widespread, destructive effects of the war have serious implications for food prices and global food security. We analyze the impacts of this war on production, consumption, trade, and prices of wheat using a global spatial equilibrium model (SEM). Our results suggest that this conflict causes wheat prices to increase in every country (by around 2%) except Ukraine where prices fell by about 27%. Though other wheat exporting countries augment their exports to capture the market share lost by Ukraine in major importing countries, many of these importing countries suffer from reduced wheat consumption. Not surprisingly, Russia benefits by exporting wheat at the expense of Ukraine to importing countries that traditionally relied on Ukrainian wheat. Because of the war, we estimate that Ukraine's wheat producers experience a $1.4 billion loss in producer surplus.

More than 1 month since Russia began its illegal invasion of Ukraine the tragic human suffering and loss of life are clear. Each day brings more death, injuries, and stories of people fighting for their lives. The implications of the war extend beyond the military and civilian casualties. There are geopolitical, financial, infrastructural, and health impacts. And the effects of this war, particularly on health and health care within and outside Ukraine, will continue long after violent conflict ends.

We explore the systematic risk effects of the Russia–Ukraine war on European non-financial firms during the period 2021Q1–2022Q4. Using quarterly firm-level data, we find that, after the Russia–Ukraine conflict, European non-financial firms experienced a statistically significant increase of systematic risk (Beta). Moreover, we also find that firms with higher foreign sales reduced their exposure to such unprecedented geopolitical event, showing a statistically significant lower Beta in the aftermath of the announcement of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Results are robust also using alternative measures of firm risk as well as after running alternative econometric approaches.

On February 24, 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine under the pretense of national security. The Russia-Ukraine war is likely bound to give birth to severe issues including economic implications for the parties involved, and for the world’s atomic states. The imposition of serious sanctions on a petro-state such as Russia will have long lasting terminal effects, one of which could be the surge in global oil prices. The economic impact of Putin’s war on Ukraine is largely political when it comes to Russia. The economic sanctions imposed on Russia by Western politicians will determine the disruptions in the supply of Brent crude oil and other exports by Russia. While as far as Ukraine is concerned, the extent of the damage caused by the Russian strikes on its infrastructure and agricultural land, will determine the disruptions in the supply of wheat, sunflower oil, and other exports. The research paper is aimed to discuss consequences of Russia-Ukraine crisis generally on South Asia and specifically on Pakistan.

The conflict between Russia and Ukraine has been causing knock-on effects worldwide. The supply and price of major commodity markets (oil, gas, platinum, gold, and silver) have been greatly impacted. Due to the ongoing conflict, financial markets across the world have experienced a strong dynamic regarding commodities prices. This effect can be considered the biggest change since the occurrence of the financial crisis in the year 2008, which explicitly influenced the oil and gold markets. This study attempts to investigate the impacts of the Russian invasion crisis on the dynamic connectedness among five commodities and the G7 and BRIC (leading stock) markets. We have applied the time-varying parameter vector autoregressive (TVP-VAR) method, which reflects the way spillovers are shaped by various crises periods, and we found extreme connectedness among all commodities and markets (G7 and BRIC). The findings show that gold and silver (commodities) and the United States, Canada, China, and Brazil (stock markets) are the receivers from the rest of the commodities/market’s transmitters of shocks during this invasion crisis. This research has policy implications that could be beneficial to commodity and stock investors, and these implications could guide them to make many decisions about investment in such tumultuous situations. Policymakers, institutional investors, bankers, and international organizations are the possible beneficiaries of these policy decisions.