Abstract
ZZAP is a mixture of a sulfhydryl reagent (dithiothreitol) and a proteolytic enzyme (papain or ficin). This reagent dissociates IgG and complement from red blood cells, allowing for phenotyping, enhanced adsorption, or denaturing of multiple blood group system antigens to aid in completing complex antibody workups. ZZAP treatment destroys all antigens in the Kell, Landsteiner- Wiener, Cartwright, Dombrock, and Knops blood group systems as well as antigens destroyed by proteases (e.g., M, N, S, Fya, and Fyb).
Highlights
SEROLOGIC METHOD REVIEWZZAP is a mixture of a sulfhydryl reagent (dithiothreitol) and a proteolytic enzyme (papain or ficin)
ZZAP is a mixture of a sulfhydryl reagent and a proteolytic enzyme
ZZAP treatment destroys all antigens in the Kell, LandsteinerWiener, Cartwright, Dombrock, and Knops blood group systems as well as antigens destroyed by proteases (e.g., M, N, S, Fya, and Fyb)
Summary
ZZAP is a mixture of a sulfhydryl reagent (dithiothreitol) and a proteolytic enzyme (papain or ficin) This reagent dissociates IgG and complement from red blood cells, allowing for phenotyping, enhanced adsorption, or denaturing of multiple blood group system antigens to aid in completing complex antibody workups. ZZAP is a mixture of a sulfhydryl reagent (dithiothreitol [DTT]) and a proteolytic enzyme (papain or ficin) It was first described by Branch and Petz in their 1982 article in the American Journal of Clinical Pathology.[1] ZZAP is used to dissociate IgG and complement from red blood cells (RBCs), an action that neither reagent can achieve alone. All antigens in blood group systems destroyed by ficin/papain or DTT; for example, it can be used to denature all Kell system antigens, essentially creating K0 RBCs. ZZAP can be used to treat reagent panel cells for use in serologic investigations, those showing panagglutination. By comparing the untreated panel results with ZZAP-treated panel results, the antibody specificity(ies) may be more rapidly identified.[2]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
