Abstract
Even though cysts in the kidney are a rare finding in childhood and adolescence, cystic kidney diseases are among the most common and the most important causes of pediatric end stage renal disease. While kidney cysts are a frequent and usually benign finding in adults, the detection of even a single renal cyst is a serious finding in children and should lead to a systematic follow-up looking for a potentially underlying cystic kidney disease. Even a few straightforward parameters, such as a detailed family history and a renal ultrasound examination can give important hints for the right clinical diagnosis. Given the different clinical courses and the diverging extrarenal manifestations of the diverse cystic kidney disease entities, establishing the exact diagnosis is crucial. This article aims to help the reader with insights into a targeted diagnostic work-up for the differential diagnosis of renal cysts.
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