Abstract
A electrochemical sensor for the highly sensitive detection of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) was fabricated based on acetylene black paste electrode (ABPE) modified with 3-(N,N-Dimethylpalmitylammonio) propanesulfonate (SB3-16) in this study. The peak current of TBBPA was significantly enhanced at SB3-16/ABPE compared with unmodified electrodes. To further improve the electrochemical performance of the modified electrode, corresponding experimental parameters such as the length of hydrophobic chains of zwitterionic surfactant, the concentration of SB3-16, pH value, and accumulation time were examined. The peak currents of TBBPA were found to be linearly correlated with its concentrations in the range of 1 nM to 1 µM, with a detection limit of 0.4 nM. Besides, a possible mechanism was also discussed, and the hydrophobic interaction between TBBPA and the surfactants was suggested to take a leading role in enhancing the responses. Finally, this sensor was successfully employed to detect TBBPA in water samples.
Highlights
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is a currently intensively used brominated flame retardant (BFR) in manufacturing for printing circuit boards, plastic polymers, and electronic equipment due to its excellent thermal stability and superior flame retardant efficiency [1]
While on acetylene black paste electrode (ABPE), ∆Ep was 154 mV and the redox peak currents enhanced, which was possibly resulting from the remarkable electrical conductivity of Acetylene black (AB)
After modification with SB3-16, the electrochemical behavior of the [Fe(CN)6 ]4−/3− on the electrodes was markedly increased, and the ∆Ep was reduced to 132 mV for SB3-16/carbon paste electrode (CPE) and
Summary
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is a currently intensively used brominated flame retardant (BFR) in manufacturing for printing circuit boards, plastic polymers, and electronic equipment due to its excellent thermal stability and superior flame retardant efficiency [1]. TBBPA were reported to be found in various environmental samples around the world, including water [2], soil [3], air [4], dust [5], sewage sludge [6], as well as in biological samples [7] It can migrate into creatures through bioaccumulation due to its lipophilicity, environmental stability, and poor degradability [8]. TBBPA detection methods are mostly based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry [16], gas chromatography–mass spectrometry [17], high performance liquid chromatography-electro-spray tandem mass spectrometry [18], and electrochemical sensors [19,20] Compared with these methods, the electrochemical method is preferred owing to merits including simple operation, high sensitivity, fast response, and low cost. The present sensor was employed to detect TBBPA in pool water samples, with the results in accordance with those from HPLC
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