Abstract
The present paper aims atincreasing the bioperformance of implantable Ti50Zr alloy using zwitterionic cysteine drug coating. Aspects such as stability, biocompatibility, and antibacterial effects were investigated with the help of various methods such as infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), electrochemical methods, contact angle determinations and cell response. The experimental data of zwitterionic cysteine coating indicate the existence of a hydration layer due to hydrophilic groups evidenced in FT-IR which is responsible for the decrease of contact angle and antibacterial capabilities. The electrochemical stability was evaluatedbased on Tafel plots and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The cell response to cysteine was determined with gingival fibroblasts measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) and intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). All experimental results supported the increase of stability and better cells response of implantable Ti50Zr alloy coated with zwitterionic cysteine drug. The antibacterial index was measured against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. It was demonstrated that the coating enhanced the production of intracellular ROS in time, which subsequently caused a significant increase in antibacterial index.
Highlights
Rising bioperformance of implantable materials involves various surface modifications improving stability, biocompatibility, antibacterial effect, and hemocompatibility [1,2,3], and is a continuous issue in tissue engineering, bioelectronics and drug delivery [4]
The present paper aims atincreasing the bioperformance of implantable Ti50Zr alloy using zwitterionic cysteine drug coating
The experimental data of zwitterionic cysteine coating indicate the existence of a hydration layer due to hydrophilic groups evidenced in FT-IR which is responsible for the decrease of contact angle and antibacterial capabilities
Summary
Rising bioperformance of implantable materials involves various surface modifications improving stability, biocompatibility, antibacterial effect, and hemocompatibility [1,2,3], and is a continuous issue in tissue engineering, bioelectronics and drug delivery [4]. Zwitterionic coatings are an emerging surface modification for biomaterials that have demonstrated promising results as candidates for creating biofouling surfaces [12,13] at micro- and nanolevel Amphoteric surfactant polymers such as poly(ethylene glycol) and polyurethane continue to be common materials used for anti-biofouling and drug release [14,15,16]. Reducing postsurgical healing time of a biofunctionalized metallic implant with local drug immobilization to avoid bacterial contamination was successfully used both in vitro and in vivo [25] These coatings demonstrate important fouling resistance in bioliquids as pure serum [26] and bacterial adhesion inhibition [27]. Our paper proposes a combined procedure of dual functionalization involving a silanization protocol and a cysteine immobilization on Ti50Zr alloy As a novelty, this manuscript is an endeavor to correlate antibacterial, biocompatibility, and stability properties of implantable Ti50Zr covered with zwitterionic cysteine drug. It was demonstrated that the coating enhanced the production of intracellular ROS over time, which subsequently caused a significant increase in antibacterial index
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