Abstract
AbstractThe bile liquid is preserved with ethanol and the protein is precipitated. Prefractionating is done by liquid‐liquid extraction by chloroform and ethyl acetate. The extracts are column‐chromatographically separated on Florisil and subsequently detected by thin‐layer chromatography. For determining the identity of substances, the penta fluorobenzyl derivatives are prepared and chromatographed under the same conditions. Detection is carried out with the aid of ammoniacal silver nitrate reagency and ultraviolet irradiation. The highly polar conjugates of chlorophenoxyalkane acids and chlorophenols which are present in the bile are cracked by acid hydrolysis and then cleaned by re‐extraction. In this way, 2, 4‐D, MCPA, MCPP, 2,4‐dichlorophenol and 2‐methyl‐4‐chlorophenol were detected from Salmo gairdneri. 6… 21 d after the application of the herbicides in the catchment area their concentration in the fish bile amounted to about 200 mg/l, 90% of them having been conjugates. Thus, the biliary excretion of xenobiotic substances offers an important new aspect of biomonitoring by means of fish tests, especially in the range of subacute and chronic toxicity.
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