Abstract
The strong secondary underground blackening on photographic plates highly exposed to ion beams in mass spectrometers has been investigated. It is found that the most effective components causing the blackening with primary ion currents up to 2 x 10-9 A are: Positively charged ions sputtered from the emulsion surface and secondary electrons released by positive ions impinging on faces opposite to the photographic plate. However, these particles will become effective only if the emulsion is appreciably charged up by the ion current. In the mass spectra produced by our MATTAUCH-HERZOG mass spectrograph the ion component under favourable conditions appears as a secondary mass spectrum, the most intensive lines therein being those of the hydrogen ions. Numerous different ion species could also be identified. Assuming a deflection of the secondary ions through 180° it was possible to calculate their kinetic energies. Thus positive charging up potentials of 1—2kV with ion currents of 10-11 A were measured. For higher currents the charging up is limited by secondary electron backstreaming to roughly 5 kV.
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