ZrO2 nano particle catalyzed multi-component synthesis of 3-benzylidene-1-phenylquinoline-2,4(1H,3H)-diones and its antimicrobial activity

Abstract

Zirconium nanoparticles (ZrO2 NPs) used for the multi-component synthesis of 3-benzylidene-1-phenylquinoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione derivatives were synthesized starting from easily available reactant molecule such as aryaldehyde 1, diphenyl amine 2, di-ethyl malonate 3 in water–ethanol as green solvent. The ZrO2 NPs gave better yield for the first four cycles of reactions. The characterizations of the ZrO2 NPs were performed by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) absorption spectroscopy. The morphological property revealed the formation of nanoscale particles. They developed a greener path for the synthesis of quinolinone derivatives using ZrO2 NPs and water–ethanol as catalyst and solvent. The expected results reveal the catalytic activity, reaction time, and the reusability of catalyst. All the prepared compounds 4a–4j (Q1–Q11) were evaluated for their antibacterial and antifungal activity. The compounds Q1, Q2, Q3, Q5 Q6, Q7, and Q10 were more potent for antibacterial strains, and Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5 Q7, Q8, and Q10 were potent for C. Albicans—an antifungal strain—compared to ciprofloxacin and miconazole as a standard drug. ZrO2 nanoparticle catalyzed multi-component synthesis of 3-benzylidene-1- phenylquinoline-2,4(1H,3H)-diones and their antimicrobial activity