Abstract
Abstract The formation of ZrO 2 powders by vapor phase reaction of the system ZrCl 4 O 2 was studied with emphasis on the effects of reaction conditions on the particle size and crystal structure of the products. The particle size of ZrO 2 powders decreased with decreasing ZrCl 4 concentration. The formation and stability of tetragonal ZrO 2 are closely related to its particle size, and it was found that there is a critical particle size below which the tetragonal ZrO 2 is stable thermodynamically. The vapor phase reaction gives metastable tetragonal ZrO 2 -particles besides the thermodynamically stable ones. The presence of the critical size is in favor of the surface energy mechanism for the stabilization of the tetragonal phase. The formation process of tetragonal and monoclinic ZrO 2 particles was discussed.
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