Abstract
The present study was conducted to synthesize Zr@IL-Fe3O4 MNPs as a new magnetically recoverable heterogeneous catalyst, which was then characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The catalytic behavior of the Zr@IL-Fe3O4 MNPs was efficiently used for the synthesis of highly substituted pyran derivatives via a one-pot three-component condensation of 4-hydroxycoumarin/dimedone, malononitrile, and arylaldehydes under solvent-free conditions. This new methodology demonstrated some important features, including short reaction times, excellent yields, lower loading of the catalyst, easy work-up, and recyclability of the catalyst for a minimum of six times without any noticeable decrease in catalytic activity.
Highlights
Magnetite (Fe3O4) core–shell nanocomposites are the most extensively surveyed magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and have been utilized for various applications, including medical diagnosis, color imaging, information storage, catalysis, and microwave absorption.[1,2,3,4,5] MNPs, as a signi cant type of separable material, have recently attracted a great deal of interest among researchers for the synthesis of organic compounds and in materials science owing to their high surface area, high stability, and low toxicity.[6,7,8] The high chemical reactivity and large surface area to volume ratio of magnetic nanoparticles has made them highly sensitive to oxidation and accumulation, respectively
magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), as a signi cant type of separable material, have recently attracted a great deal of interest among researchers for the synthesis of organic compounds and in materials science owing to their high surface area, high stability, and low toxicity.[6,7,8]
We report our outcomes for the preparation of highly substituted pyran derivatives using Zr@IL-Fe3O4 MNPs as a novel, effective, and reusable heterogeneous magnetic nanocatalyst under solvent-free conditions (Scheme 2)
Summary
Magnetite (Fe3O4) core–shell nanocomposites are the most extensively surveyed magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and have been utilized for various applications, including medical diagnosis, color imaging, information storage, catalysis, and microwave absorption.[1,2,3,4,5] MNPs, as a signi cant type of separable material, have recently attracted a great deal of interest among researchers for the synthesis of organic compounds and in materials science owing to their high surface area, high stability, and low toxicity.[6,7,8] The high chemical reactivity and large surface area to volume ratio of magnetic nanoparticles has made them highly sensitive to oxidation and accumulation, respectively. A mixture of 4-hydroxycoumarin (1 mmol), malononitrile (1.2 mmol), aldehyde (1 mmol), and Zr@IL-Fe3O4 MNPs (20 mg) was stirred and heated in an oil-bath under solvent-free conditions.
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