Abstract
We investigated the consequences of colistin use in backyard chicken farms in Vietnam by examining the prevalence of mcr-1 in fecal samples from chickens and humans. Detection of mcr-1–carrying bacteria in chicken samples was associated with colistin use and detection in human samples with exposure to mcr-1–positive chickens.
Highlights
Ho Huynh Mai, Willemien van Rooijen, James Campbell, Jaap A
We investigated the consequences of colistin use in chicken farms by assessing chickens, farmers, and nearby persons for the presence of mcr-1– carrying bacteria and performing epidemiologic analyses to assess the risk for subsequent transmission to unexposed human populations in southern Vietnam
We investigated risk factors for fecal colonization with mcr-1–carrying bacteria separately for small-scale farms and household farms because a joint model did not converge due to inflated sampling weight assigned to household chicken farms
Summary
Among 200 E. coli isolates, mcr-1 was detected in 10/78 (12.8%) isolates from chickens, 2/50 (4.0%) isolates from farmers, and 0/72 isolates from persons who did not farm. Mcr-1 was detected in 9/38 (23.7%) and 1/44 (2.3%) of ESBL-producing E. coli isolated from chickens and farmers, respectively. The MIC of colistin for the 22 mcr-1–carrying E. coli isolates ranged 3–4 mg/L. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)–based phylogenetic analyses of the core genomes showed little genomic similarity between isolates, but the analyses did show many isolates belonged to the same multilocus sequence types (n = 14) (Figure). Maximum-likelihood tree of 22 mcr-1–carrying E. coli isolated from 15 chicken fecal samples and 3 human fecal swab samples (underlined), constructed by using CSI Phylogeny 1.4
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