Abstract
BackgroundParasitic trichostrongyloid nematodes have a worldwide distribution in ruminants and frequently have been reported from humans in Middle and Far East, particularly in rural communities with poor personal hygiene and close cohabitation with herbivorous animals. Different species of the genus Trichostrongylus are the most common trichostrongyloids in humans in endemic areas. Also, Ostertagia species are gastrointestinal nematodes that mainly infect cattle, sheep and goats and in rare occasion humans. The aim of the present study was to identify the trichostrongyloid nematodes obtained from a familial infection in Guilan province, northern Iran, using morphological and molecular criteria.MethodsAfter anthelmintic treatment, all fecal materials of the patients were collected up to 48 h and male adult worms were isolated. Morphological identification of the adult worms was performed using valid nematode keys. Genomic DNA was extracted from one male worm of each species. PCR amplification of ITS2-rDNA region was carried out, and products were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequence data was performed using MEGA 6.0 software.ResultsAdult worms expelled from the patients were identified as T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus and Teladorsagia circumcincta based on morphological characteristics of the males. Phylogenetic analysis illustrated that each species obtained in current study was placed together with reference sequences submitted to GenBank database.ConclusionsThe finding of current study confirms the zoonotic aspect of Trichostrongylus species and T. circumcincta in inhabitants of Guilan province. The occurrence of natural human infection by T. circumcincta is reported for the first time in Iran and the second time in the world.
Highlights
Parasitic trichostrongyloid nematodes have a worldwide distribution in ruminants and frequently have been reported from humans in Middle and Far East, in rural communities with poor personal hygiene and close cohabitation with herbivorous animals
The aim of the present study was identification, molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of human specimens of Trichostrongylus and Teladorsagia obtained from the patients during a familial infection in Langroud district of Guilan province based on internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region of ribosomal DNA
Parasitological findings Adult worms isolated from fecal materials of the patients were identified as T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus and T. circumcincta according to the morphology of bursa copulatrix and spicules of the males
Summary
Parasitic trichostrongyloid nematodes have a worldwide distribution in ruminants and frequently have been reported from humans in Middle and Far East, in rural communities with poor personal hygiene and close cohabitation with herbivorous animals. Different species of the genus Trichostrongylus are the most common trichostrongyloids in humans in endemic areas. Trichostrongyloid nematodes (Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidae) are significant parasites of the digestive tract of herbivorous animals. Various genera of these nematodes are prevalent in ruminants in different countries throughout the world [1]. Trichostrongylus species are primarily parasites of livestock with a worldwide distribution but they have been reported from humans in Middle and Far East and Africa, in rural communities with poor Other genera of trichostrongyloid nematodes such as Haemonchus contortus, Marshallagia marshalli, Nematodirus abnormalis, Ostertagia ostertagi and O. circumcincta (Teladorsagia circumcincta) have been reported in humans, in Iran and Azerbaidjan, of former Soviet Union [2,3,4,5].
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