Abstract
This work was attended to improve and show the comparative characteristics of exterior features, assessment of the constitutional type of horses, determination of the direction of the productive profile of mares bred in LLP AKBOZ of Almaty region. Horse meat obtained in herd horse breeding contains a high number of nitrogen-containing substances with a reduced content of intramuscular fat. Therefore, horse meat is a dietary product available to a significant part of the population of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Meat herd horse breeding requires minimal costs, since local feed is used for raising animals. An unlimited amount of pasture land significantly contributes not only to an increase in the number of herd horses, but also to an increase in the production of high-value meat-horse meat. The results of individual appraisal showed that modern Kazakh horses of the zhabe type (or toad type) are quite large, have a high live weight. The young growth in measurements and live weight exceeds the corresponding requirements for animals of the I appraisal class. It was found that the greatest increase in live weight in foals was observed from 3 days of age to 1 month and was 40.8 kg in stallions and 40.4 kg in fillies. The average daily increase was 1511 and 1496 g, respectively. From 1 to 6 months of age, the increase in live weight is 84.8 kg in stallions, 83.0 kg in fillies, the average daily increase was 543 and 532, respectively.
Highlights
More than a thousand years ago, on the territory of modern Kazakhstan, nomadic peoples had horses similar to modern Kazakh horses of the toad type (Kargayeva et al, 2020)
The selection of horses was based on a set of characteristics, ranking horses with low live weight and unsatisfactory adaptability to the herd content
When studying the growth and development of foals, it was found that the highest average daily growth of 1511 and 1496 g is observed from 3 years of age to 1 month of age
Summary
More than a thousand years ago, on the territory of modern Kazakhstan, nomadic peoples had horses similar to modern Kazakh horses of the toad type (Kargayeva et al, 2020). Centuries-old natural selection under the influence of harsh climatic conditions with extensive management of herd horse breeding and artificial selection that meets the requirements for horses in nomadic economy were the main factors in the formation of Kazakh horses (Egorova, 2017). Their valuable advantage was their high adaptability to pasture maintenance throughout the year. The role of Kazakh horses such as a toad as meat and dairy animals is exceptionally great.
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