Abstract
Background:Animal welfare should be prioritized not only for the animal’s life sustainability but also for supporting the sustainability of living organism’s life on the earth. However, Indonesian people have not understood it yet, thereby still treating animals arbitrarily and not appreciating either domesticated or wild animals.Aim:This research aimed to analyze the zoo agent’s action in applying the five freedoms principle for animal welfare in Taman Satwa Taru Jurug (thereafter called TSTJ) or Surakarta Zoo and Gembira Loka Zoo (GLZ) of Yogyakarta Indonesia using Giddens structuration theory.Materials and Methods:The informants in this comparative study with explorative were organizers, visitors, and stakeholders of zoos selected using purposive sampling technique. The informants consisted of 19 persons: 8 from TSTJ (Code T) and 10 from GLZ (Code G) and representatives from Natural Resource Conservation Center of Central Java (Code B). Data were collected through observation, in-depth interview, and Focus Group Discussion and Documentation. Data were analyzed using an interactive model of analysis consisting of three components: Data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. Data validation was carried out using method and data source triangulations.Results:Food, nutrition, and nutrition level have been given consistent with the animals’ habit and natural behavior. Animal keepers always maintain their self-cleanliness. GLZ has provided cages according to the technical instruction of constructing ideal cages, but the cages in TSTJ are worrying as they are not consistent with standard, rusty, and damaged, and animals have no partner. Some animals in GLZ are often sick, whereas some animals in TSTJ are dead due to poor maintenance. The iron pillars of cages restrict animal behavior in TSTJ so that they have not had freedom to behave normally yet, whereas, in GLZ, they can move freely in original habitat. The animals in the two zoos have not been free from disruption, stress, and pressure due to the passing over vehicles.Conclusion:There should be strategic communication, information, and education, community development, and law enforcement for the animal welfare.
Highlights
Zoo has controversial label, as, on the one hand, it can attract tourists’ enthusiasm to visit, but a large number of visitors, on the other hand, can be a dangerous threat against the animals’ life sustainability when animal welfare is not prioritized [1,2]
Gembira Loka Zoo (GLZ) has provided cages according to the technical instruction of constructing ideal cages, but the cages in TSTJ are worrying as they are not consistent with standard, rusty, and damaged, and animals have no partner
The animals in the two zoos have not been free from disruption, stress, and pressure due to the passing over vehicles
Summary
As, on the one hand, it can attract tourists’ enthusiasm to visit, but a large number of visitors, on the other hand, can be a dangerous threat against the animals’ life sustainability when animal welfare is not prioritized [1,2]. Animal welfare is included into one of Sustainable Development Goals, targeted to be achieved up to 2030: Protecting, recovering, and promoting the utilization of ecosystem sustainability; managing forest, fighting against and stopping land degradation, and stopping biodiversity loss [3]. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. Animal welfare is an expression pertaining to morale intended to provoke human beings to treat animals wisely as the God’s creature and to develop the attitude of appreciating either domesticated or wild animal in nature [9,10,11,12]. Several countries have developed policy related to animal welfare: European countries [13,14] and United States of America [15], etc. Indonesian people have not understood it yet, thereby still treating animals arbitrarily and not appreciating either domesticated or wild animals
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