Zone of Preferential Heating for Minor Ions in the Solar Wind

Abstract

The properties of minor ions in the solar wind are important indicators of the state of the solar corona and the heating processes it undergoes as it expands. Evidence of preferential heating of minor ions has been observed in the solar wind, and is believed to be active up to a certain radial boundary, beyond which thermalization due to Coulomb collisions predominates. Building on previous works that calculated the location of this boundary for alpha particles, this work calculates the outer radial boundary of the zone of preferential heating for selected heavy ions in the solar wind. This analysis uses ion data from the Solar Wind Ion Composition Spectrometer and proton data from the Solar Wind Electron, Proton, and Alpha Monitor aboard the Advance Composition Explorer spanning the years from 1998 through to 2011. Observations of proton and ion temperatures, velocities, and densities, and fixed parameters derived from temperature, density, and velocity scaling laws are used in a model function to predict the radial boundary and excess temperature at the boundary via reduction of the χ 2/degrees of freedom statistic. In this study, the values of the radial boundary of the preferential heating zone were quite high when compared to what was previously found for alpha particles, but a clear scaling relationship between excess temperature and ion properties was observed.