ZnSe core and ZnSe@ZnS core-shell quantum dots as platform for folic acid sensing

Abstract

This report demonstrates a quantum dot (QD)-based selective and fast sensor platform for detection of folic acid (FA). This electrochemical platform provides a good linear relation between the anodic and cathodic peak currents (i pa and i pc ) in the FA concentration range of 12 to 96 nM, and the minimum detection limit (MDL) achieved was 10 nM. As an extension, absorbance and fluorescence methods were also used for the detection of FA in solutions. Core-shell QDs provided better binding than core-only ZnSe quantum dots, and showed twofold increment in binding constant. A detailed comparative evaluation of the three methods (absorbance, fluorescence, and electrochemical) is presented vis-a-vis real samples. Therefore, in principle absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy can also be used for detecting folic acid with high selectivity and sensitivity. The MDL can be extended to be 4–7 nM level by using fluorescence and absorbance spectroscopy. FA metabolism occurs in the intestine, where the pH conditions are basic. Hence, sensing of FA under physiological conditions is relevant, which was achieved in our case. Earlier methods have reported sensing under acidic or neutral pH conditions. Considering the importance of folic acid in physiology, the significance of the present study can be hardly stressed.