Abstract
In this paper, fluorescent and magnetic bifunctional ZnO:Er,Yb,Gd particles were synthesized via a simple homogeneous precipitation method. The morphology, size, fluorescent properties, and magnetic properties of the particles can be readily modified by doping with Er3+, Yb3+, and Gd3+. The results revealed that the ZnO:Er,Yb,Gd particles have both down-conversion and up-conversion fluorescence after calcination at high temperatures (>700 °C). The products successfully labled the human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells and presented low toxicity even at a high concentration of 2 mg/mL. Being upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs), the prepared ZnO:Er,Yb,Gd particles exposed to 980 nm near-infrared (NIR) laser light emitted up-conversion fluorescence which could be absorbed by a photodynamic therapy (PDT) drug, methylene blue (MB), and then killed the HepG2 cells via PDT mechanism. In vitro therapeutic investigation evidenced the prominent PDT effects of MB-loaded ZnO:Er,Yb,Gd UCNPs upon NIR light irradia...
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