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Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) have been investigated for various skin therapies in recent years. These NPs can improve the healing and modulate inflammation in the wounds, but the mechanisms involved in such changes are yet to be known. In this study, we have designed a facile ZnO nano-coated dressing with improved antimicrobial efficiency against typical wound pathogens involved in biofilm and chronic infections. ZnO NPs were obtained by hydrothermal method and characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Antibacterial and antibiofilm effects were evaluated against laboratory and clinical isolates of significant Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis) opportunistic pathogens, by quantitative methods. Our results have shown that the developed dressings have a high antibacterial efficiency after 6–24 h of contact when containing 0.6 and 0.9% ZnO NPs and this effect is similar against reference and clinical isolates. Moreover, biofilm development is significantly impaired for up to three days of contact, depending on the NPs load and microbial species. These results show that ZnO-coated dressings prevent biofilm development of main wound pathogens and represent efficient candidates for developing bioactive dressings to fight chronic wounds.
Highlights
Wound healing is often complicated by infection caused by mono- or polymicrobial aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms resistant to biocides and having the ability to develop thick biofilms [1]
We aimed to obtain a bioactive wound dressing coated with Zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs able to reduce biofilm formation in key opportunistic pathogens (i.e., Gram-positive S. aureus and E. faecalis, and Gram-negative P. aeruginosa and E. coli) isolated from wound biofilms
In this study we report the fabrication and characterization of a nano-coated wound dressing containing ZnO NPs to be evaluated with respect to antimicrobial potential in relevant wound pathogens
Summary
Wound healing is often complicated by infection caused by mono- or polymicrobial aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms resistant to biocides and having the ability to develop thick biofilms [1]. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and some enterobacteria species have proved to form difficult to eradicate biofilms in the wounds and are considered the most challenging etiologies in the management of chronic wounds [5,7]. Most of these isolates show modified virulence and are resistant to common antibiotics
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