Abstract
We have demonstrated the first MgO:PPLN ridge waveguides based on ZnO indiffusion and dicing. The fabrication process utilizes ductile regime dicing of a planar waveguide layer producing second harmonic generation (SHG) devices with a near-symmetric sinc2 spectral profile, indicating highly uniform 40 mm long devices. A near circular pump mode is also obtained enabling efficient coupling to single mode telecommunication fibers. A conversion efficiency of 145%/W, for 1560-780 nm SHG, has been measured.
Highlights
Lithium niobate is widely used in frequency conversion because of its high χ(2) optical nonlinearity [1] and ferroelectric crystal structure that allows domain engineering on the micron scale [2]
Periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguides offer a versatile means of generating tailored wavelengths for telecommunications [3,4], spectroscopy [5], single photon sources [6,7,8], state squeezing for quantum key distribution (QKD) [9], quantum communications [10,11], atom/ion trapping [12,13], and submarine communications [5]
In our own prior work on Zn-indiffused channel waveguides in PPLN, we achieved second harmonic generation (SHG) conversion efficiencies of 59%/W with a propagation loss of 0.8 dB/cm at the 1550 nm pump wavelength [21]
Summary
Lithium niobate is widely used in frequency conversion because of its high χ(2) optical nonlinearity [1] and ferroelectric crystal structure that allows domain engineering on the micron scale [2]. We combine planar ZnO indiffusion with ultra-precision dicing as a route towards easing the manufacturing tolerances of ridge waveguides in PPLN, whilst maintaining high conversion and coupling efficiencies in a thermally robust format capable of supporting both TE and TM polarizations. This is the first demonstration of a Zn indiffused MgO:PPLN ridge waveguide to be reported. Output light was collimated with an aspheric lens (Thorlabs, A375-B) and a dichroic filter (Thorlabs, DMLP-950) was used to separate the pump and the SHG wavelengths on to a thermal (Thorlabs, S302C) and silicon (Thorlabs, S121C) detector respectively
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