Abstract
In the legal process, the hearing is one of the categorical concepts, from which a series of derived concepts are performed, and which are not rarely considered as synonymous in the professional and scientific public. Starting from the linguistic foundations of terms and concepts in legal science, the intellectual effort is made to define from the scientific-methodological angle precisely the meanings of the terms such as: 'listening', 'statement', 'message', and 'communication' that are closely related to the notion of 'hearing', which is a categorical notion in legal science, especially in legal proceedings, in the administrative, civil, criminal and international law. Therefore, the main subject of this paper is to define the meaning of key terms and the ones that are directly related to the categorical notion of hearing in the legal process. This definition has an epistemological cognitive value because it complements the fundamental meaning of the basic concept in the legal process. At the same time, the meanings of these terms are relevant because they complement the meaning of the basic, categorical concept of hearing in the legal process. By their very nature, all these terms are statements about the key determinants of the hearing in legal proceedings. They are nominal and fulfill all eight criteria for defining theoretical concepts as follows: they are positively expressed in the form of a claim; they are also subjective and contextual, because they express important provisions and characteristics of the subject of definition; they are versatile and cover the whole subject of definition in all its aspects; they are essential and contain basic provisions and characteristics on the basis of which the concept of the hearing can be identified; they are also complex and developmental, as the hearing in the legal process as a matter of definition is also a complex development process; they are equivalent and proportionate, that is, they are not too broad or too narrow; they are accurate and contain only the essential and necessary factors of the concept of hearing in the legal process, and ultimately, all these terms are dialectical, since the social reality of the hearing in the legal process is dialectical.
Highlights
the intellectual effort is made to define from the scientific-methodological angle precisely the meanings of the terms
that are closely related to the notion
which is a categorical notion in legal science
Summary
У научном објашњењу термина слушање неопходно је поћи од латинске пословице која гласи: „Лако је наћи људе који ће сатима причати о себи и о својим темама, а много је теже наћи оне који су спремни, вољни или који имају времена да вас сатима слушају“. Прва важна ствар код слушања јесте да субјекат који слуша треба да одлучи да ће пажљиво слушати саговорника. Емпатија као техника подразумева да се слушалац ставља на место друге особе која говори, храбривши је више гестикулацијама и одређеним умереним покретима него речима. Синтеза као техника подразумева да слушалац јасно искаже оно што мисли док слуша свог саговорника. Ова техника слушања дозвољава и да слушалац током слушања може или да потврди или да преиначи оно што је чуо од свог саговорника. Псеудослушање подразумева ситуацију у којој слушалац осећа да би требало да слуша, али га оно што друга особа говори уопште не занима и не слуша је пажљиво. Са становишта предмета овог рaдa – улога саслушања у правном процесу, веома је важно познавати општа правила и технике слушања, као и посебна правила саслушања која важе током процеса саслушања у кривичном, парничном и управном поступку
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