Zn-Containing Membranes for Guided Bone Regeneration in Dentistry.

Manuel Toledano,María-Angeles Serrera-Figallo,Raquel Toledano,Raquel Osorio,María T Osorio,Cristina Vallecillo,Marta Vallecillo-Rivas,Manuel Toledano-Osorio,Esther Muñoz-Soto,Christopher D Lynch

doi:10.3390/polym13111797

Manuel Toledano, María-Angeles Serrera-Figallo + Show 8 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13111797

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Abstract

Barrier membranes are employed in guided bone regeneration (GBR) to facilitate bone in-growth. A bioactive and biomimetic Zn-doped membrane with the ability to participate in bone healing and regeneration is necessary. The aim of the present study is to state the effect of doping the membranes for GBR with zinc compounds in the improvement of bone regeneration. A literature search was conducted using electronic databases, such as PubMed, MEDLINE, DIMDI, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science. A narrative exploratory review was undertaken, focusing on the antibacterial effects, physicochemical and biological properties of Zn-loaded membranes. Bioactivity, bone formation and cytotoxicity were analyzed. Microstructure and mechanical properties of these membranes were also determined. Zn-doped membranes have inhibited in vivo and in vitro bacterial colonization. Zn-alloy and Zn-doped membranes attained good biocompatibility and were found to be non-toxic to cells. The Zn-doped matrices showed feasible mechanical properties, such as flexibility, strength, complex modulus and tan delta. Zn incorporation in polymeric membranes provided the highest regenerative efficiency for bone healing in experimental animals, potentiating osteogenesis, angiogenesis, biological activity and a balanced remodeling. Zn-loaded membranes doped with SiO2 nanoparticles have performed as bioactive modulators provoking an M2 macrophage increase and are a potential biomaterial for promoting bone repair. Zn-doped membranes have promoted pro-healing phenotypes.

Highlights

The development of oral implantology has generated an increasing interest in procedures aimed toward maintaining and preserving both bone and soft tissue after tooth extraction
4 and 48 h for zinc-loaded membranes was evaluated and compared with those non-mineralized by immersing each membrane in an Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans culture
The antibacterial effects of non-mineralized and Zn phosphate mineralized membranes were evaluated at different incubation times, and decreased at 48 h

Summary

Introduction

The development of oral implantology has generated an increasing interest in procedures aimed toward maintaining and preserving both bone and soft tissue after tooth extraction. A process of bone remodeling occurs causing the reduction of socket dimensions [1]. This damage is more pronounced and close to 50% during the first three months [2]. To reduce the impact of this remodeling during alveolar healing, various techniques and materials have been studied to increase localized bone volume, making these regenerative procedures a main part of temporary implant therapy [3,4]. Membranes are stabilized with mini-screws and pins to the surrounding bone

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