Změna klimatu a limity odpovědnosti států

Abstract

Climate change is now considered one of the greatest global challenges facing the world community. Climate change, or rather global warming, which is its main accelerator, is responsible for many of the negative impacts that people in different parts of the world are facing today. The world community is responding to climate change and setting clear targets to be achieved so that global warming begins to slow down and then returns to its natural equilibrium. However, this goal will not be achieved immediately, and certain parts of the world are already experiencing significant negative impacts that are affecting their human rights and fundamental freedoms. The question of responsibility, i.e., who is responsible for causing these negative impacts and who is responsible for addressing them, is still not closed. The so-called climate litigation, which has been spreading around the world since the middle of the last decade, could help to clarify it. Recently, human rights arguments have been emphasised in this litigation, and there is great potential that in the near future judicial and other decisions will eventually force states to act more effectively, especially on their international obligations and the potential liability consequences of non-compliance.