Abstract
In the paper, the possibilities and conditions of restriction imposed on the free speech principle, in crisis situations, are discussed. Particularly, the impact of the new social media is presented, on possibilities to manage and control information. Firstly, the tension is discussed between civil liberties-, and free speech, and the rights to suspend the liberties on the basis of ensuring national or public security. The contradiction between the freedom and security principles is emphasized. Secondly, the issue of mass behavioural control is presented and the role of crisis management agencies, in the panic situations, when informational uncertainties lead to unstable, contagious behaviour. Thirdly, the role of the media is analyzed and the emergence of the new social media, which has influenced significantly informing during crisis situations. Fourthly, case studies are examined: the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident, Japan, when the media played a major role, and the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident and Wrocław smallpox epidemic. In the latter cases the information flowwas highly controlled and the public was not openly instructed. Finally, conclusions are proposed.
Highlights
1.01 This Report contains the findings of a study conducted into the human consequences of the Chernobyl nuclear accident fifteen years after the explosion
1.55 Enormous efforts have been made by the governments of the three countries concerned to address the effects of the Chernobyl accident
These efforts have been supplemented to a significant degree by assistance from international sources, public and voluntary
Summary
1.01 This Report contains the findings of a study conducted into the human consequences of the Chernobyl nuclear accident fifteen years after the explosion. If the health interests of the affected populations are to be addressed, the present emphasis on humanitarian aid, delivered to passive populations, has to be replaced, gradually, by assistance in developing economically and socially sustainable communities Such efforts must involve tackling the constraints imposed by radioactive contamination in a positive and innovative way. 1.44 At the regional level, measures are needed to help integrate locally-based businesses into the world market (Project 18) and to promote inward investment, both national and international The latter will involve a major change in approach by authorities and communities, which have become used to emphasising the problems and the special needs of their areas to the outside world rather than the opportunities they offer. Strengthening primary health care and the organisation of cultural activities and events in the affected areas will contribute to community development
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