Abstract
The Lamiaceae family comprises many flowering plants classified into about 236 genera. The genus Ziziphora is one of the well-known genera of this family and its species are important in different fields of pharmaceutical, chemical, traditional, and folk medicines. The phytochemicals present in Ziziphora include monoterpenic essential oils, triterpenes, and phenolic substances. The aim of this paper was to study the phytochemical profile of Ziziphora taurica subsp. taurica and compare and evaluate the biological activities of its ethyl acetate (ZTT-EtOAc), methanolic (ZTT-MeOH), and aqueous (ZTT-W) extracts based on their enzyme inhibition and antioxidant capacities. Determination of total phenolic (TPC) and total flavonoid (TFC) contents as well as biological activities were determined using spectrophotometric procedures. Subsequently, the individual phenolic compounds were detected by liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–ESI–MS/MS). In total, twenty-two different phenolic compounds were identified, including apigenin, ferulic acid, and luteolin which were the most common. ZTT-MeOH extract showed the best antioxidant activity, whereas ZTT-EtOAc extract was the most effective against tyrosinase and α-amylase. Ziziphora taurica subsp. taurica represents a potential source of natural compounds with positive effects on human health.
Highlights
In recent years, the study of natural products for the discovery of new active compounds with beneficial properties for human health is growing worldwide [1]
The prototypical of the Lamiaceae family is represented by the Ziziphora species, and its world population is represented by more than 30 different species inhabiting regions of Asia, Europe, and Africa
Following our research on endemic plants used in traditional and folk medicine which could represent a valid source of bioactive components and their respective biological activities [11,12], represent a valid source of bioactive components and their respective biological activities [11,12], the the purpose of this research is to study the phytochemical profile of Z. taurica subsp. taurica, as seen in purpose of this research is to study the phytochemical profile of Z. taurica subsp. taurica, as seen in Figure 1, which has not yet been studied, and to assess its biological activity based on evaluations of its Figure 1, which has not yet been studied, and to assess its biological activity based on evaluations of antioxidant and enzymatic activities
Summary
The study of natural products for the discovery of new active compounds with beneficial properties for human health is growing worldwide [1]. Plants represent sources of essential oils or secondary metabolites with a wide range of therapeutic action, and using them avoids the side effects typical of synthetic drugs. Their use has become widespread, above all else, for the sake of human health [2]. The prototypical of the Lamiaceae family is represented by the Ziziphora species, and its world population is represented by more than 30 different species inhabiting regions of Asia, Europe, and Africa Their largest aggregations are in China and Kazakhstan and in some regions of Afghanistan, Anatolia, Armenia, Caucasia, Iraq, Pakistan, Syria, Turkey, Turkmenistan, and West
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