Zinātniskais raksts dabaszinātņu nozarēs: kopīgais un atšķirīgais

Abstract

Nowadays, the language of science is the subject of many linguistic studies. One of the research aspects in the language of science discourse is the various texts of science in written and oral communication. One of the most important types of written publications in the language of science is a scientific article. Publishers usually set certain formal and content requirements for scientific articles. There is a general belief that they are based on universal principles. Namely, in the publications of exact sciences, the prototype of a scientific article has a strictly defined structure or macrostructure, which is based on the traditional IMRaD structure of English language publications. In this article, a qualitative method is used to analyse scientific articles in the field of natural sciences and to characterize their macrostructure, paying attention to the common and different features of the structure of texts in individual sectors. The research was carried out in the framework of the project “Latvian Language of Science in the Intralingual Aspect” funded by the Latvian Council of Science. The research material consists of 114 scientific articles in natural sciences written in Latvian, which are freely available online and published from 2008 to 2018. The results of the analysis show that in natural sciences articles in Latvian, the authors mainly use the structure of IMRaD, supplementing it with other elements (for example, literature review, conclusions/conclusion). The linguistic evaluation reveals different variants of the wording used by the authors when naming the separate parts of the text macrostructure. The greatest differences in the text formation of the scientific article can be found in the scientific texts in computer science and informatics, where the authors use the classical IMRaD structure less often.