Abstract
Background: Zingerone is one of the active components of ginger that possesses multiple biological activities and anti-inflammatory properties against either radiation effect or cisplatin toxicity. Purpose: to examine the protective effect of zingerone against gamma radiation (IR) or cisplatin-induced immunotoxicity. Material and Methods: 48 rats were divided into six groups as follows: (group-1); normal control group received distilled water; (group-2); rats received Zingerone orally at a dose of 25 mg/kg b.wt. Once / day for 14 consecutive days (Zing.). (group-3); Rats were given a single injection of Cisplatin at a dose of 7.5 mg/kg b.wt. intraperitoneally (Cispl.). (group-4); Rats exposed to a single dose of 6 Gy whole-body gamma irradiation using 137Cesium source in a Gamma cell 40 (Rad.). (group-5); rats received same dose of Zingerone then they were exposed to gamma radiation as in group 4 (Zing+Rad.). (group-6); rats received Zingerone followed by single injection of Cisplatin at the dose of 7.5 mg/kg b.wt. Intraperitoneally (Zing+Cisp.). Results: Exhibited a significant increase in expression of NF-κB, IL-10, caspase-3, and gene expression of TNF-α as well as oxidative stress biomarkers (MDA and NO) levels accompanied with a reduced level of SOD in either whole body-irradiated or cisplatin-received group. Conversely, pro-inflammatory cytokines levels were significantly decreased with an improvement of oxidative stress in groups that received zingerone. Conclusion: It could be concluded that zingerone exerts its antioxidative activity and immunomodulatory effects through inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators induced by whole body-gamma irradiation or cisplatin administration at two time interval early and late stage of radiation exposure (after 2 h and one week).Therefore, further studies are required to elucidate the molecular signaling pathway concerning zingerone.
Highlights
Ionizing radiation has a therapeutic effect against solid tumors, it produces oxygen and nitrogen (ROS/RNS) which generate free radicals and produce toxic effects [1, 2]
The data presented in Table (1) showed that exposure to 6 Gy γ-radiations or injection with cisplatin resulted in a significant elevation at p≤0.05 in lipid peroxidation (MDA) levels and nitric oxide accompanied with a reduced level of Superoxide dismutase (SOD) at all the time intervals examined compared to control group
Treatment with zingerone resulted in a significant decline at p≤0.05 in its expression which may be due to the anti-apoptotic effect
Summary
Ionizing radiation has a therapeutic effect against solid tumors, it produces oxygen and nitrogen (ROS/RNS) which generate free radicals and produce toxic effects [1, 2]. Natural products have activities that help to protect against radiation exposure and drugs damage. They have anti-viral, antiinflammatory, and anti-bacterial properties, as well as cancer prophylaxis [5,6,7,8]. An essential oil, extracted from natural product ginger that was reported to have various biological functions including antiapoptotic and antioxidant effects through interfering with the inflammatory pathway leading to a protective effect [9, 10]. Zingerone is one of the active components of ginger that possesses multiple biological activities and anti-inflammatory properties against either radiation effect or cisplatin toxicity. Purpose: to examine the protective effect of zingerone against gamma radiation (IR) or cisplatin-induced immunotoxicity
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