Abstract
The present investigation aimed to evaluate the protective effect of Zingerone (ZIN) against lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative stress, DNA damage, and cytokine storm in rats. For survival study the rats were divided into four groups (n = 10). The control group was treated with normal saline; Group II received an intraperitoneal (i.p) injection (10 mg/kg) of LPS as disease control. Rats in Group III were treated with ZIN 150 mg/kg (p.o) 2 h before LPS challenge and rats in Group IV were given ZIN only. Survival of the rats was monitored up to 96 h post LPS treatment. In another set, the animals were divided into four groups of six rats. Animals in Group I served as normal control and were treated with normal saline. Animals in Group II were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and served as disease control. Group III animals were treated with ZIN 2 h before LPS challenge. Group IV served as positive control and were treated with ZIN (150 mg/kg orally). The blood samples were collected and used for the analysis of biochemical parameters like alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate transaminase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), Cr, Urea, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), albumin, bilirubin (BIL), and total protein. Oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and (DNA damage marker) 8-OHdG levels were measured in different organs. Level of nitric oxide (NO) and inflammatory markers like TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-1α, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-10 were also quantified in plasma. Procalcitonin (PCT), a sepsis biomarker, was also measured. ZIN treatment had shown significant (p < 0.5) restoration of plasma enzymes, antioxidant markers and attenuated plasma proinflammatory cytokines and sepsis biomarker (PCT), thereby preventing the multi-organ and tissue damage in LPS-induced rats also confirmed by histopathological studies of different organs. The protective effect of ZIN may be due to its potent antioxidant potential. Thus ZIN can prevent LPS-induced oxidative stress as well as inflammatory and multi-organ damage in rats when administered to the LPS treated animals.
Highlights
Natural compounds have been used as treatments by ancient civilizations in drinks Natural compounds have been used as treatments by ancient civilizations in drinks and and flavorings
Zingerone administration has been shown to suppress the mitochondrial injury and lipid peroxidation and mitigates proapoptotic proteins like BAX, and caspases [29]. These findings suggest that zingerone is a potent antioxidant, which was further supported by the fact that ZIN had shown high antioxidant potential as compared to the ascorbic acid [13]
alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate transaminase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), Cr, Urea, and CKMB were obtained from Human diagnostics
Summary
Natural compounds have been used as treatments by ancient civilizations in drinks Natural compounds have been used as treatments by ancient civilizations in drinks and and flavorings. One of the most popular herbs, ginger, is used as a traditional medicine flavorings. One of the most popular herbs, ginger, is used as a traditional medicine worldwide [1]. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) belongs to the family Zingiberaceae. Ginger is a perennial ginger (Zingiber officinale) belongs to the family Zingiberaceae. Ginger is a perennial herb used for herb used for medicinal and culinary purposes. Ginger is used to treat a variety of ailments around the medicinal and culinary purposes. Ginger is used to treat a variety of ailments around the globe due globe due to its varied phytochemical nature and health benefits [1]. Numerous phytoconstituents to its varied phytochemical nature and health benefits [1]. Numerous phytoconstituents are present are present in ginger which have been divided in to volatile and non-volatile compounds [2]
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