Abstract
BackgroundsRenal ischemia/reperfusion (RIR) is a major cause of kidney dysfunction in clinic. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of pre-conditioning ischemia (IPC) and zinc (Zn) supplementation on renal RIR injury.MethodsA total of 63 unilateral nephrectomised male and female Wistar rats were divided into five groups. Group 1 (ShOPR): Rats as sham-operated group were subjected to surgical procedure without RIR. Group 2 (Isch): Rats underwent RIR (left kidney ischemia for 30 min followed by 48 h reperfusion). Group 3 (Zn+Isch): Rats were treated as group 2 but they received Zn sulphate (30 mg/kg) 1 h before induction of RIR. Group 4 (IPC+Isch): Rats were treated as group 2 but they underwent 1 min of ischemia followed by 3 min reperfusion as IPC, which was repeated for three times before induction of RIR. Group 5 (Zn+IPC+Isch): Rats were subjected to receive both Zn sulphate and IPC before induction of RIR. Urine samples were collected in the last 6 h of reperfusion, and finally biochemical and histological measurements were performed.ResultsThe serum level of creatinine (Cr), normalised kidney weight (KW) and kidney tissue damage score (KTDS) increased by RIR alone significantly (P < 0.05). These parameters were attenuated statistically by Zn supplementation (P < 0.05). However, IPC alone or co-treatment of Zn and IPC did not improve the biochemical and histological markers altered by RIR injury.ConclusionZn supplementation had a protective role against RIR while such protective effect was not observed by IPC alone or by co-treatment of Zn and IPC.
Highlights
Renal ischemia/reperfusion (RIR) injury is a complex phenomenon, which disturbs renal function and induces kidney tissue damages [1, 2] resulting in acute kidney injury (AKI) [3].Clinically, RIR injury is occurred in different circumstances such as renal transplantation, renal surgeries, post-resuscitation shock, complex cardiovascular surgeries, and chemical agents/drugs induced renal toxicity [4, 5]
The left kidney weight (KW) showed significant increment in all Isch groups compared with ShOPR group, this parameter in IPC+Isch+Zn group was increased significantly compared with Isch group (P < 0.05) (Table 2)
The results of kidney tissue damage score (KTDS) indicated that kidney injury increased significantly in Isch groups compared with ShOPR group (P < 0.05) and Zn supplementation improved kidney injury significantly in Zn+Isch group compared with Isch group (P < 0.05) (Table 3)
Summary
Renal ischemia/reperfusion (RIR) injury is a complex phenomenon, which disturbs renal function and induces kidney tissue damages [1, 2] resulting in acute kidney injury (AKI) [3]. RIR injury is occurred in different circumstances such as renal transplantation, renal surgeries, post-resuscitation shock, complex cardiovascular surgeries, and chemical agents/drugs induced renal toxicity [4, 5]. Renal transplantation induced RIR injury increases renal dysfunction and mortality rate [3, 5]. Ischemia followed by reperfusion induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, and apoptosis, which all contribute to renal disorder [3, 4]. It is well known that the rate, intensity, and prognosis of kidney disease and RIR injury are sex-related
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