Abstract
The Maxwell equations are considered as fundamental formulation of wave propagation for a dielectric slab waveguide at frequencies in the IR region. In this article, the theoretical analysis of electromagnetic waves propagating through the zinc sulfide (ZnS) semiconductor planar waveguide at wavelength of 1 µm is reported using 2013 MATLAB software. Additionally, a comparison of the waveguide parameters using two modes namely transvers electric (TE) and transvers magnetic (TM) is demonstrated in details. This could be attributed to the interference of effective refractive index value. In particular, the penetration depth has demonstrated values of 0.2419 and 0.2445 µm for TE0 and TM0 modes at thickness of 2.69 µm, respectively. Subsequently, the effect of temperature on the effective reflective index has been elaborated. Furthermore, the propagation angles in TM modes exhibited lower values than TE modes with respect to the core thickness; and lower wavelength resulted in higher cutoff frequency with respect to the number of modes. While, the relation between neff and temperature for both TE and TM modes showed that TE mode exhibited advanced values as compared to TM mode. This work demonstrates a short pathway for a theoretical analysis of electromagnetic waves through ZnS planer waveguide using both TE and TM modes.
Highlights
The electromagnetic waves propagation behavior of a dielectric material is essential prospect in which the energy is transferred from one point to another
An optical device is a structure of simple waveguide and it is consisted of three different layers which are substrate, core and cladding [4]
Light to be coupled into the waveguide, coupling element can be utilized, for instance prism or grating coupler [14]. Such example of guided mode is a plane wave being reflected between the middle layer binary interfaces; this must occur at an incident angle between the light propagation direction and/or at perpendicular direction to the interface of the material which is higher than the critical angle
Summary
The electromagnetic waves propagation behavior of a dielectric material is essential prospect in which the energy is transferred from one point to another. An effective energy transfer between two points in a specific pathway is carried out using a designed electromagnetic geometry. These geometries are known as waveguides in which minimal energy loss is acquired. These waveguides are generally divided into two main and very distinct classifications namely metallic and dielectric waveguides; which are used in binary detached electromagnetic wave regimes. The dielectric waveguide, which is known as a planar waveguide, is the simplest form of a waveguide structure This could be due to the described guided modes of waveguides geometry [1,2,3]. Waveguide and clarifying graphical relationships between parameters in TE and TM modes
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