Zinc status, pregnancy complications, and labor abnormalities

Abstract

Maternal plasma zinc levels, red blood cell levels, and serum alkaline phosphatase activity were used as indices of zinc status in 279 pregnant women at delivery and were compared with the incidence of complications during the antenatal period and major dysfunctional labor patterns. The median values for plasma zinc, red blood cell zinc, and alkaline phosphatase were used as cutoff points to subdivide the patient population into “low” and “high” groups. Low levels of maternal plasma zinc were associated with more complications in the antenatal or intrapartum periods than maternal levels of either alkaline phosphatase or red blood cell zinc. Plasma zinc levels less than the median value were more commonly associated with mild toxemia (p = 0.02), vaginitis (p = 0.01), and postdates (p = 0.01) in the antenatal period. During the intrapartum period, low plasma zinc levels were associated with a prolonged latent phase (p = 0.05), a protracted active phase (p = 0.04), labor >20 hours (p = 0.03), second stage >2.5 hours (p = 0.01), and cervical and vaginal lacerations (p = 0.02). Low levels of maternal alkaline phosphatase were strongly associated with a history of previous stillbirth (p = 0.0005). A low maternal red blood cell zinc level was not associated with complications during either period. Since a low plasma zinc level is a valid predictor of pregnancy complications and abnormal labor, the results suggest that plasma zinc screening, as part of the patient's antenatal workup should be evaluated.