Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) are generally utilized in cosmetic goods, sheds, biosensors, and delivery of drug. As in vitro ideal systems, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are used to test acute toxicity. In the present study, size-dependent cytotoxicity effects of ZnO NPs on MSCs were assessed. Bone marrow and adipose MSCs were treated with ZnO NPs with average sizes of 10–30 and 35–45 nm. The 5 and 10 µg/ml concentrations of ZnO NP were found to be the safe concentrations for the NP sizes of 10–30 and 35–45 nm, respectively. Cell-cycle analysis indicated that the small size of ZnO NPs has more negative effects on the process of cell entry to DNA synthesis when compared to the larger size. The results of the β-galactosidase test showed the promotion of the aging process in the cells treated with the smaller size of ZnO NPs. Both sizes of the NP were found to upregulate the aging-related genes NF-kB and p53 and downregulate the anti-aging gene Nanog. To sum up, the smaller size of ZnO NPs can enhance the aging process in the cells.
Highlights
IntroductionThe nanotechnology industry needs to be developed quickly around the world
In the recent decade, the nanotechnology industry needs to be developed quickly around the world
An ignoble percentage of Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) or adiposederived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) showed the expression of CD45 (0.18 or 0.56%) and CD34 (0.71 or 12.65%) in AMSCs or BMSCs, respectively, which are the markers of hematopoietic lineages (Fig. 2A, B)
Summary
The nanotechnology industry needs to be developed quickly around the world. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) are generally utilized in beauty care products, sheds, biosensors, drug delivery, bioimaging, and as antifungal and antibacterial agents [1,2,3,4,5]. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine (2021) 32:128 manifestation of these substances [9]. Owing to their reactive oxygen species (ROS) and insoluble metal ions, nanomaterials such as ZnO have toxic impacts on the cells [10, 11]. The generated Zn2+ insoluble ZnO NPs induce necrosis and inflammation [13]. Intercellular ROS, which is caused by ZnO NPs, induces cell death and dysfunction of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation [10]
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