Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Induce an Adverse Effect on Blood Glucose Levels Depending On the Dose and Route of Administration in Healthy and Diabetic Rats.

Adolfo Virgen-Ortiz,Irene Díaz-Reval,Luis Castro-Sánchez,Alejandrina Rodríguez-Hernández,Hortensia Parra-Delgado,Alejandro Apolinar-Iribe,Enrique Alejandro Sánchez-Pastor,Edgar Bonales-Alatorre,Santos Jesús Castillo,Adan Dagnino-Acosta,Saraí Limón-Miranda

doi:10.3390/nano10102005

Adolfo Virgen-Ortiz, Irene Díaz-Reval + Show 9 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10102005

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Abstract

Different studies in experimental diabetes models suggest that zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) are useful as antidiabetic agents. However, this evidence was performed and measured in long-term treatments and with repeated doses of ZnONPs. This work aimed to evaluate the ZnONPs acute effects on glycemia during the next six h after an oral or intraperitoneal administration of the treatment in healthy and diabetic rats. In this study, the streptozotocin-nicotinamide intraperitoneal administration in male Wistar rats were used as a diabetes model. 10 mg/kg ZnONPs did not modify the baseline glucose in any group. Nevertheless, the ZnONPs short-term administration (100 mg/kg) induced a hyperglycemic response in a dose and route-dependent administration in healthy (130 ± 2 and 165 ± 10 mg/dL with oral and intraperitoneal, respectively) and diabetic rats (155 ± 2 and 240 ± 20 mg/dL with oral, and intraperitoneal, respectively). The diabetic rats were 1.5 fold more sensitive to ZnONPs effect by the intraperitoneal route. In conclusion, this study provides new information about the acute response of ZnONPs on fasting glycemia in diabetic and healthy rat models; these data are essential for possible future clinical approaches.

Highlights

Worldwide, a decade ago, more than 30,000 t of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) were produced annually [1], surely today it has increased significantly due to its wide industrial application in cosmetics, sunscreens, coatings, paints and antimicrobials
It is suggested that the toxic effects produced by ZnONPs in different tissues or cell lines are mediated by increased oxidative stress and inflammation [7,10]
Glycemia was evaluated at time 0 and 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 240, and 360 min ZnONPs post-administration using an Accu-chek® Performa blood glucose monitor (Roche Diagnostics, Mannnheim, Germany)

Summary

Introduction

A decade ago, more than 30,000 t of ZnONPs were produced annually [1], surely today it has increased significantly due to its wide industrial application in cosmetics, sunscreens, coatings, paints and antimicrobials. ZnONPs have shown catalytic, electrical, photochemical, anticorrosive, photovoltaic, antifungal, antibacterial, and antiviral activity [2]. There is promising scientific evidence for the treatment of diseases with a high worldwide prevalence where several studies evaluated the anticancer, antidiabetic and antimicrobial activity of ZnONPs [7,8,9]. It is suggested that the toxic effects produced by ZnONPs in different tissues or cell lines are mediated by increased oxidative stress and inflammation [7,10]

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