Zinc (Ⅱ)-Induced Anti-Thrombus Formation against Severe COVID-19 Infection

Abstract

Zinc(Ⅱ) induced neurological COVID-19 anti-thrombus formation has been established by that zinc induced inhibitive bronchial thrombosis and modulatory pulmonary thromboembolism are attained, causing COVID-19 activated anti-thrombus activity and leading to COVID-19 anti-thrombus formation. Zinc supplementation affected bronchial mucosal epithelial integrity, both under normal and zinc deficient conditions that there was an interaction between the individual zinc status. The other, zinc ions inhibit COVID-19 lung inflammation and promote platelet activation function that inhibits pulmonary thromboembolism, in which platelets could respond to changes in extracellular and intracellular Zn2+ concentration. Zinc-induced platelet aggregation, low concentrations of ZnSO4 and zinc chelation involve platelet activation and potentiated platelet aggregation, in which Zn2+ plays a major role in the regulation of coagulation that zinc inhibit blood coagulation against COVID-19 infection. Zn2+ can modulate platelet and coagulation activation pathways, including fibrin formation that the release of ionic Zn2+ store contributes to the procoagulant role of Zn2+ in platelet-dependent fibrin formation. Further, zinc may reduce neurological resultings in COVID-19 patients that Zn2+ promotes inflammatory cytokine as a neurodegenerative disorder and the coronaviruses can affect the nervous system through blood circulation, causing neuro-inflammation. Zinc ions can inhibit inflammation, platelet behaviour function, and blood coagulation. Hence, zinc ions promote neurological anti-thrombosis formation during ROS production and excessive oxidative stress against COVID-19 infection. Persistent zinc intake for severe aggravation of COVID-19 has been suggested to be 8–11 mg/day for adults (upper intake level 40 mg/day) and suggesting that a zinc intake of 30–70 mg/day might aid in the RNA virus control. Accordingly, Zn2+ ions-binding molecular mechanism has been clarified that Zn2+ ions may be bound with COVID-19 inflammatory, platelet, coagulation, and thrombus various proteins by Zn2+ ions-centered tetrahedrally binding protein molecular coordination pattern.