Abstract
Anand, the milk capital of India, is a developing city with increasing vehicles and developmental activities going on at a fast pace. This study attempts to investigate the zinc and chromium concentration in street dust, suspended particulate matter and in foliar dust deposits. Ten sampling locations were selected based on the traffic density on the roads and different anthropogenic activity. Sampling was carried out in the dry months of January to March 2011. The range of Zn and Cr was 16.82 - 108.29 ppm and 118 - 151.5 ppm in the street dust respectively. Zn concentration in Suspended particulate matter lies in the range of 12.41 to 86 ppm and Cr concentration between 75 to 130 ppm. The range of Cr in foliar deposited dust varied from 79.54 ppm to 31 ppm. Whereas, for Zn maximum concentration was in S10 which is 42.34 ppm and minimum was in site S9, 23.73 ppm. ANOVA single factor showed that at 0.05 level of significance site wise variation of zinc and chromium concentration in SPM, Street dust and foliar deposited dust was not significant signifying similar source of contamination. Which is further strengthened by the good positive correlation found between the Zn and Cr concentration of street dust, leaf deposited dust and SPM. The Contamination Factor in the sites where metal concentration was high was 1.24 in S10 and 1.06 in S5 for Zn. For chromium the value of CF was 1.77 in S10 and 1.67 in S5. These values indicate that street dust is moderately contaminated with respect to zinc and chromium.
Highlights
Soils along road environments typically contain high concentrations of heavy metals because of non-point contamination sources, most commonly vehicle exhaust and wear of vehicle parts
Most heavy metals become bound to the surfaces of road dust or other particulates
Anand city has developed in a rapid pace in past few years
Summary
Soils along road environments typically contain high concentrations of heavy metals because of non-point contamination sources, most commonly vehicle exhaust and wear of vehicle parts. Road dust consists of deposition of vehicle exhausts and industrial exhausts, tire and brake wears, dust from paved roads or potholes, and dust from construction sites [2]. Metals accumulate in street dust and in the leaves of roadside plants through atmospheric deposition involving sedimentation, impaction and interception [4]. There have been a considerable number of studies of heavy metals concentrations in roadside soil and plants, the vast majority of theses have been carried out in developed countries with long histories of Industrialization and extensive use of leaded gasoline and very few studies have been carried out in developing countries such as India where data on the concentration and distribution of metals in street dust are scarce. This study examines heavy metal levels in street dust and dust deposited on plants along major traffic roadways in Anand city, Gujarat, India
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