Abstract
It has been commonly assumed that Zika virus (ZIKV) infection confers long-term protection against reinfection, preventing ZIKV from re-emerging in previously affected areas for several years. However, the long-term immune response to ZIKV following an outbreak remains poorly documented. We compared results from eight serological surveys before and after known ZIKV outbreaks in French Polynesia and Fiji, including cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. We found evidence of a decline in seroprevalence in both countries over a two-year period following first reported ZIKV transmission. This decline was concentrated in adults, while high seroprevalence persisted in children. In the Fiji cohort, there was also a significant decline in neutralizing antibody titres against ZIKV, but not against dengue viruses that circulated during the same period.
Highlights
Zika virus (ZIKV), a Flavivirus primarily transmitted to humans by Aedes mosquitoes, was first reported in the Pacific region on Yap island (Federated States of Micronesia) in 2007 (Duffy et al, 2009)
In French Polynesia, seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against domain III of the ZIKV envelope glycoprotein in blood donors recruited before October 2013 was
Analyzing data from serological surveys conducted in French Polynesia and Fiji at different time points after the first reported autochthonous ZIKV transmission, we found evidence of a decline in ZIKV seroprevalence
Summary
Zika virus (ZIKV), a Flavivirus primarily transmitted to humans by Aedes mosquitoes, was first reported in the Pacific region on Yap island (Federated States of Micronesia) in 2007 (Duffy et al, 2009). Since the virus has spread across the Pacific region (Musso et al, 2014), including to Fiji where cases of ZIKV infection were first detected in July 2015 (World Health Organisation, 2015). The same year, cases of ZIKV infection in Latin America were reported for the first time (Zammarchi et al, 2015). From February 1 to November 18, 2016, due to its rapid spread and association with birth defects, microcephaly in newborns and Guillain-Barresyndrome in adults (Cao-Lormeau et al, 2016) the WHO declared ZIKV a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (World Health Organisation, 2016). ZIKV was still circulating in 2018 in several countries, including Fiji and Tonga in the Pacific region (World Health Organisation, 2019)
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