Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the potential mechanism by which zerumbone suppresses breast cancer (BC) cells.Methods: Cell viability and Transwell assays were performed to assess the effect of zerumbone on BC cell growth. The downstream target of zerumbone was determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays and immunoblotting. Cell viability assays and immunoblotting were conducted to detect if zerumbone had any effect on BACH1 (BTB domain and CNC homolog 1) expression.Results: Zerumbone suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of BC cells. It also upregulated the expression of microRNA (miR)-708 and, hence, suppressed BACH1 expression. Furthermore, zerumbone suppressed the proliferation and invasion of BC cells by promoting miR-708expression and suppressing BACH1.Conclusion: The findings help clarify the anti-tumor mechanism of zerumbone and provide theoretical and therapeutic bases for the anti-tumor effects of Chinese herbal medicine.
 Keywords: Breast cancer, Zerumbone, Cell invasion, MiR-708, BACH1
Highlights
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common gynecological cancer, with the highest incidence among female malignant tumors [1]
Surgical resection often results in BC recurrence, while chemoradiotherapy is associated with significant side effects, and the low concentration of chemoradiotherapy drugs at the tumor site limits its effects on tumor tissues [4]
MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with varying doses of zerumbone, and miR-708 and BACH1 expression were measured via quantitative PCR (qPCR)
Summary
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common gynecological cancer, with the highest incidence among female malignant tumors [1]. Zerumbone exerts biological activity by affecting microRNAs (miRNAs) [12] It attenuated obesity induced by a high-fat diet by regulating miR-146B levels and sirtuin 1mediated fat production [13]. After 48 h of incubation, cells in the upper chamber were induced to migrate toward the bottom chamber. The upper chamber medium and the lower chamber cells were fixed in PFA, stained with 0.1 % crystal violet, and counted under a microscope. The BC cell line MDA-MB-231 was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, USA) and incubated in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10 % fetal bovine serum (Invitrogen, USA) at 37 °C with 5% CO2. MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with varying doses of zerumbone, and miR-708 and BACH1 expression were measured via qPCR. Immunoblotting showed that BACH1 protein levels were decreased by zerumbone in a dose-dependent manner (Figure 2 C). Student’ t-tests was performed to compare groups, and p < 0.05 was considered significant
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