Abstract
Medical image data plays a critical role in health care today. Whatever the context of image processing (research and educational activities, diagnostic or forensic purposes, etc.), they are supposed to be treated as highly sensitive. Unfortunately, currently available image-processing tools also enable very sophisticated malicious modification of their content.This paper is focused on the assessment of the effectiveness of selected so-called zero watermarking methods (ones that do not cause any modification of an image sample), in the protection of the integrity, and proving authorship, of these medical image studies. We have studied many zero watermarking methods and selected one representative from each type of known algorithms for comparison.We have conducted a series of simulations over a huge research database of anonymized medical image studies (patient examinations).
Highlights
Emerging networks of health professionals, medical communities, patients, organizations, and other stakeholders are reshaping regional radiology practices these days
The environment for which we evaluate the suitability of the watermarking schema can be defined as the processing taking place over a set of image objects originating from routine image examinations and retrieved from operational PACS systems of cooperating health care institutions
Can an appropriate zero watermarking method be regarded as a suitable prospective one for checking the integrity of medical image examinations? Second, can an appropriate zero-watermarking method be regarded as a prospective one for checking the authorship of medical image case studies? could suitable watermarking methods reveal some referential threshold to identify the required integrity or authorship changes?
Summary
Emerging networks of health professionals, medical communities, patients, organizations, and other stakeholders are reshaping regional radiology practices these days. The technologies being employed for global medical imaging enable the integration of common radiology concepts and the reconciliation of global radiology. New opportunities bring new risks to this field. Due to the easy distribution of multimedia data (for example, medical image data) via the Internet and the wide availability of powerful image-processing tools (ease of editing, duplication, altering, theft, etc.), it has become difficult for the authorized users (or owners) of image data to protect its originality, prove their ownership, prevent misrepresentation, unauthorized use, misappropriation, and so on. Many new techniques based on watermarking have been introduced in the past few years. Current digital watermarking methods represent a good alternative to enforce many of the aforementioned rights.
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