Abstract
Green-based materials represent a new promising class of ecofriendly and economic adsorbents. Herein, nano zero-valent iron supported-lemon derived biochar (NZVI-LBC) was prepared for the first time and examined in the adsorptive removal of methylene blue as a model pollutant. Different characterization tools were used to ensure the successful fabrication of the NZVI-LBC composite including FTIR, XRD, TEM, XPS, VSM, BET, and zeta potential analysis. It was found that the fabricated NZVI–supported biochar composite attained the propitious adsorbent criteria since it provided a supreme efficient adsorption process at short time. The reckoned maximum adsorption capacity of MB onto NZVI-LBC reached 1959.94 mg/g within merely 5 min. The obtained data clarified that the adsorption process of MB onto NZVI-LBC fitted pseudo 2nd order kinetic model and Freundlich isotherm model. Besides, the adsorption process of MB onto NZVI-LBC was found to be endothermic in nature. In addition, NZVI-LBC composite revealed an excellent adsorption behavior even after seven cycles. The concrete results reflect the potentiality of NZVI-LBC composite to be a superb candidate to remove cationic pollutants from their aqueous solutions.Graphical abstract
Highlights
Water pollution is the most enormous environmental dilemma that is rising swiftly day-by-day
The selectivity of NZVI-LBC nanocomposite was examined in the presence of the cationic crystal violet (CV) and the anionic Congo red (CR) in a dye mixture binary system (MB-CV) and (MB-CR) and ternary system (MB-CRCV)
The test is carried out as follows: 0.01 g NZVI-LBC nanocomposite was added to 20 ml multi-dye solution, NZVI-LBC was collected by an external magnet, and the concentration of residual dyes was measured via spectrophotometer (λmax (CR) = 500 nm and λmax (CV) = 598 nm)
Summary
Water pollution is the most enormous environmental dilemma that is rising swiftly day-by-day. It was reported in related studies that NZVI-modified BC nanocomposite is a propitious candidate for the adsorptive removal of miscellaneous contaminants such as organic dye [35, 36], nitroaromatic compound [37], and heavy metals [38]. This combination has a dual benefit since BC enhances the dispersion of the magnetic NZVI particles and inhibits their aggregation [39]. The fabricated NZVI-LBC nanocomposite was tested for the selective removal of MB
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