Abstract
Water is an essential raw material for various industrial operations and domestic uses. In recent years our country has witnessed deteriorating water quality in several rivers and other water bodies like lakes and ponds. Well water and groundwater too got substantially impacted with pollution. Uncontrolled discharge of domestic and industrial effluents may have led to pollution of these water bodies. The pollutant levels have increased so high in these water bodies that they are no longer fit for drinking without further treatment. In some cases, the available water requires to be pre-treated adequately even for use in industries. Therefore, impending water quality issues coupled with growing water shortage in various parts of India force us to consider reuse/recycling of treated industrial and domestic effluents. In this chapter, we endeavor to discuss current water scenario and water policy, status of industrial effluent treatment, status of domestic waste treatment, introduce zero liquid discharge (ZLD) technology for obtaining recyclable treated water from raw effluents, and highlight its benefits through a few case studies taken from the authors own experience in the field.
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