Abstract
An examination of the theory of the thermionic hollow cathode shows that several distinct modes of zero-field emission are possible. The mode that exists in any given case depends on the relationship between a certain parameter d, which characterizes the nature of the electron cloud within the cavity, and the size of the effusion hole and the cavity dimensions. A quantitative expression is given for the conditions under which the hollow cathode can be used for a precise determination of the thermionic constants by the method of Jain and Krishnan. Under other conditions a quasi-hollow beam is obtained and a theoretical prediction of the total zero-field current from the hole was found to be in order of magnitude agreement with experimental observations. An explanation of the similarity of emissions between ‘L’ cathodes of different porosity is also given.
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