Abstract
Natural and synthetic zeolites have many applications in biomedicine and nutrition. Due to its properties, zeolites can absorb therapeutically active proteins and release them under physiological conditions. In this study we tested the clinoptilolite, chabazite, and natrolite ability to be loaded by antitumor ribonuclease binase and the cytotoxicity of the obtained complexes. We found the optimal conditions for binase loading into zeolites and established the dynamic of its release. Cytotoxic effects of zeolite-binase complexes toward colorectal cancer Caco2 cells were characterized after 24 and 48 h of incubation with cells using MTT-test. Zeolites were toxic by itselfs and reduced cells viability by 30% (clinoptilolite), 40% (chabazite), and 70% (natrolite) after 48 h of incubation. Binase complexes with clinoptilolite as well as chabazite always demonstrated enhanced toxicity (up to 57 and 60% for clinoptilolite and chabazite, respectively) in comparison with binase and zeolites separately. Our results contribute to the perspective development of binase-based complexes for therapy of colorectal cancer for or the treatment of malignant skin neoplasms where the complexes can be used in pasty form.
Highlights
There are about 40 naturally occurring tectosilicate minerals in zeolite group, the most commonly mined isometric forms include chabazite and clinoptilolite, the fibrous form is mainly represented by natrolite
In some cases RNases catalytic activity may be an important factor for their cytotoxicity manifestation (Ilinskaya and Vamvakas, 1997; Makarov and Ilinskaya, 2003)
The sensitivity of malignant breast cancer cells to binase apoptosis inducing effect was not shown to correlate with the level of cellular RNA catalytic degradation (Zelenikhin P. et al, 2016)
Summary
There are about 40 naturally occurring tectosilicate minerals in zeolite group, the most commonly mined isometric forms include chabazite and clinoptilolite, the fibrous form is mainly represented by natrolite. Chemical differentiation of zeolites is related to the ratio of SiO2/Al2O3 and water content. Zeolites with an Al/Si ratio of 0.20–0.40 are leafy, others with an Al/Si ratio up to 0.50 are isometric or mostly isometric, and with an Al/Si ratio of 0.60–1.00 are predominantly fibrous. The crystalline structure of zeolites is formed by tetrahedral SiO2/4 and AlO2/4 groups, united into a three-dimensional framework pierced by cavities and channels which size is 0.2–1.5 nm. The internal cavities and the channels are filled with molecules of water. The open frame-cavity structure of zeolites has a negative charge, which is compensated by counterions (metal, ammonium, alkylammonium, and other cations)
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