Abstract
The article presents the results of research on the use of ceramic ware waste as aggregate in concrete production. Four concrete mixtures with aluminous cement were prepared, each with a different admixture of clinoptilolite. The only used aggregate was crushed waste ceramic sanitary ware obtained from a Polish sanitary fixture production plant. As part of the studies, a compressive test of cubic samples at different curing times ranging from 7 to 90 days was performed. Prior to the preparation of the samples, a sieve analysis and an elemental analysis of the obtained aggregate were conducted. In the framework of the testing, the bimodal distribution of clinoptilolite grains was determined, as well as its chemical composition. The conducted compressive tests demonstrated high strength of concrete containing ceramic aggregate and aluminous cement with an addition of clinoptilolite. In order to determine the impact that adding zeolite exerts on the phase composition and the structure of concrete samples, an analysis of the phase composition (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy examination (SEM) were performed. Furthermore, tests of abrasion, water penetration under pressure and frost resistance were conducted, determining particular properties of the designed mixtures. The abrasion tests have confirmed that the mixtures are highly abrasion-resistant and can be used as a topcoat concrete layer. The conducted tests of selected properties have confirmed the possibility of using waste ceramic cullet and a mineral addition of clinoptilolite in concrete production.
Highlights
Over the 20th and 21st centuries, a growing demand for ecological, economical, durable and flexible construction materials has become quite a serious challenge for process engineers specialising in cement and concrete
Zeolites are regarded as an important component of concrete, as well as in the development of concrete and new construction materials, such as high-strength concrete, concrete characterised by the absorption of heavy metals or metals protecting against radiation
Compressive strength tests have demonstrated the beneficial effect of replacing aluminous cement with the addition of zeolite from the zeolite tuff deposit in Sokyrnytsya (Ukraine)
Summary
Over the 20th and 21st centuries, a growing demand for ecological, economical, durable and flexible construction materials has become quite a serious challenge for process engineers specialising in cement and concrete. The results of the tests showed that the additive of clinoptilolite reduced the compressive strength of samples in an early stage of concrete hardening, simultaneously increasing it after 28 days. Tests of concrete containing ceramic whiteware aggregate have confirmed that the concrete is characterised by a relatively high strength and resistance to an aggressive environment, and has several other advantageous properties discussed below. This was in turn confirmed by the studies [17,18,19] in which only recycled aggregate of ceramic whiteware was used. The use of a zeolite additive in such types of concrete is a novelty
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