Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility and osteogenic potential of a Zeolite Socony Mobil-5 (ZSM-5) coating on a Ti-24 Nb-4 Zr-7.9 Sn (Ti-2448) surface. ZSM-5-modified Ti-2448 (ZSM-5/Ti-2448) and Ti-2448 (control) groups were employed. The physical and chemical properties of the two types of samples were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption/desorption, and contact angle methods. The surface of the ZSM-5/Ti-2448 was rougher than that of the original Ti-2448, while the contact angle of the ZSM-5/Ti-2448 was smaller than that of Ti-2448. In addition, the ZSM-5/Ti-2448 largely increased the specific surface area and introduced silanol groups. A bone-like apatite layer could be formed on the surface of ZSM-5/Ti-2448 after 14 days of incubation in a simulated body fluid. ZSM-5/Ti-2448 was not cytotoxic. The number and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of osteoblasts on ZSM-5/Ti-2448 were significantly higher than those on Ti-2448 surfaces, obtained in vitro using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and ALP activity assays. Few inflammatory cells were observed around ZSM-5/Ti-2448 after insertion into the femurs of Japanese white rabbits after 4, 12, and 26 weeks through hematoxylin–eosin staining. The average gray scale of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) on ZSM-5/Ti-2448 peaked earlier than that on Ti-2448, according to immunohistochemical staining. These results indicate that ZSM-5/Ti-2448 has a good biocompatibility and improved early osteogenic potential compared to a noncoated Ti-2448.
Highlights
In recent years, the β-titanium alloy Ti-24 Nb-4 Zr-7.9 Sn(Ti-2448) developed by the Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, (PCT/CN2004/001352), for bone plates and spinal fixation systems has attracted considerable interest because of its biocompatibility [1], excellent mechanical strength, and, relatively low elastic modulus (42 GPa) [2]
The low elastic modulus is important for artificial bone materials to avoid the shielding-bone resorption caused by an unbalanced stress distribution between the bone and materials [6]
We investigated the hypothesis that Zeolite Socony Mobil-5 (ZSM-5)-modified Ti-2448 (ZSM-5/Ti2448) could provide a surface structure that facilitates the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts, which would benefit the bone formation in bone defect sites
Summary
The β-titanium alloy Ti-24 Nb-4 Zr-7.9 Sn (wt.%)(Ti-2448) developed by the Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, (PCT/CN2004/001352), for bone plates and spinal fixation systems has attracted considerable interest because of its biocompatibility [1], excellent mechanical strength, and, relatively low elastic modulus (42 GPa) [2]. Ti-2448 alloys are bioinert and cannot accelerate the healing of bone tissues. In this regard, a bioactive coating on them has been designed to realize a better bone–. Zeolite coatings have elastic moduli of 30–40 GPa [4], which considerably better match those of a bone than titanium alloys [5]. Among the family of zeolites, ZSM-5 is highly catalytic and has the potential to catalyze biological molecules within
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
